SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
(I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS).
+Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available
+(e.g., L<x509(1)> or L<openssl-x509(1)>).
+
Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their
arguments and have a B<-config> option to specify that file.
The environment variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> can be used to specify
=over 4
-=item L<B<asn1parse>|asn1parse(1)>
+=item B<asn1parse>
Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
-=item L<B<ca>|ca(1)>
+=item B<ca>
Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
-=item L<B<ciphers>|ciphers(1)>
+=item B<ciphers>
Cipher Suite Description Determination.
-=item L<B<cms>|cms(1)>
+=item B<cms>
CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
-=item L<B<crl>|crl(1)>
+=item B<crl>
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
-=item L<B<crl2pkcs7>|crl2pkcs7(1)>
+=item B<crl2pkcs7>
CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
-=item L<B<dgst>|dgst(1)>
+=item B<dgst>
Message Digest Calculation.
=item B<dh>
Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
-Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>.
+Obsoleted by L<dhparam(1)>.
-=item L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>
+=item B<dhparam>
Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
-L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)>.
+L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkeyparam(1)>.
-=item L<B<dsa>|dsa(1)>
+=item B<dsa>
DSA Data Management.
-=item L<B<dsaparam>|dsaparam(1)>
+=item B<dsaparam>
DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
-L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)>.
+L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkeyparam(1)>.
-=item L<B<ec>|ec(1)>
+=item B<ec>
EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
-=item L<B<ecparam>|ecparam(1)>
+=item B<ecparam>
EC parameter manipulation and generation.
-=item L<B<enc>|enc(1)>
+=item B<enc>
Encoding with Ciphers.
-=item L<B<engine>|engine(1)>
+=item B<engine>
Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
-=item L<B<errstr>|errstr(1)>
+=item B<errstr>
Error Number to Error String Conversion.
=item B<gendh>
Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
-Obsoleted by L<B<dhparam>|dhparam(1)>.
+Obsoleted by L<dhparam(1)>.
-=item L<B<gendsa>|gendsa(1)>
+=item B<gendsa>
Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
-L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)> and L<B<pkey>|pkey(1)>.
+L<genpkey(1)> and L<pkey(1)>.
-=item L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)>
+=item B<genpkey>
Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
-=item L<B<genrsa>|genrsa(1)>
+=item B<genrsa>
-Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by L<B<genpkey>|genpkey(1)>.
+Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by L<genpkey(1)>.
-=item L<B<nseq>|nseq(1)>
+=item B<nseq>
Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
-=item L<B<ocsp>|ocsp(1)>
+=item B<ocsp>
Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
-=item L<B<passwd>|passwd(1)>
+=item B<passwd>
Generation of hashed passwords.
-=item L<B<pkcs12>|pkcs12(1)>
+=item B<pkcs12>
PKCS#12 Data Management.
-=item L<B<pkcs7>|pkcs7(1)>
+=item B<pkcs7>
PKCS#7 Data Management.
-=item L<B<pkcs8>|pkcs8(1)>
+=item B<pkcs8>
PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
-=item L<B<pkey>|pkey(1)>
+=item B<pkey>
Public and private key management.
-=item L<B<pkeyparam>|pkeyparam(1)>
+=item B<pkeyparam>
Public key algorithm parameter management.
-=item L<B<pkeyutl>|pkeyutl(1)>
+=item B<pkeyutl>
Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
-=item L<B<prime>|prime(1)>
+=item B<prime>
Compute prime numbers.
-=item L<B<rand>|rand(1)>
+=item B<rand>
Generate pseudo-random bytes.
-=item L<B<rehash>|rehash(1)>
+=item B<rehash>
-Create symbolic links to certficate and CRL files named by the hash values.
+Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
-=item L<B<req>|req(1)>
+=item B<req>
PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
-=item L<B<rsa>|rsa(1)>
+=item B<rsa>
RSA key management.
-
-=item L<B<rsautl>|rsautl(1)>
+=item B<rsautl>
RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
-by L<B<pkeyutl>|pkeyutl(1)>.
+by L<pkeyutl(1)>.
-=item L<B<s_client>|s_client(1)>
+=item B<s_client>
This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
-=item L<B<s_server>|s_server(1)>
+=item B<s_server>
This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
-=item L<B<s_time>|s_time(1)>
+=item B<s_time>
SSL Connection Timer.
-=item L<B<sess_id>|sess_id(1)>
+=item B<sess_id>
SSL Session Data Management.
-=item L<B<smime>|smime(1)>
+=item B<smime>
S/MIME mail processing.
-=item L<B<speed>|speed(1)>
+=item B<speed>
Algorithm Speed Measurement.
-=item L<B<spkac>|spkac(1)>
+=item B<spkac>
SPKAC printing and generating utility.
-=item L<B<srp>|srp(1)>
+=item B<srp>
Maintain SRP password file.
-=item L<B<storeutl>|storeutl(1)>
+=item B<storeutl>
Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
-=item L<B<ts>|ts(1)>
+=item B<ts>
Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
-=item L<B<verify>|verify(1)>
+=item B<verify>
X.509 Certificate Verification.
-=item L<B<version>|version(1)>
+=item B<version>
OpenSSL Version Information.
-=item L<B<x509>|x509(1)>
+=item B<x509>
X.509 Certificate Data Management.
=over 4
+=item B<blake2b512>
+
+BLAKE2b-512 Digest
+
+=item B<blake2s256>
+
+BLAKE2s-256 Digest
+
=item B<md2>
MD2 Digest
+=item B<md4>
+
+MD4 Digest
+
=item B<md5>
MD5 Digest
RMD-160 Digest
-=item B<sha>
-
-SHA Digest
-
=item B<sha1>
SHA-1 Digest
=item B<sha224>
-SHA-224 Digest
+SHA-2 224 Digest
=item B<sha256>
-SHA-256 Digest
+SHA-2 256 Digest
=item B<sha384>
-SHA-384 Digest
+SHA-2 384 Digest
=item B<sha512>
-SHA-512 Digest
+SHA-2 512 Digest
+
+=item B<sha3-224>
+
+SHA-3 224 Digest
+
+=item B<sha3-256>
+
+SHA-3 256 Digest
+
+=item B<sha3-384>
+
+SHA-3 384 Digest
+
+=item B<sha3-512>
+
+SHA-3 512 Digest
+
+=item B<shake128>
+
+SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
+
+=item B<shake256>
+
+SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
+
+=item B<sm3>
+
+SM3 Digest
=back
=head2 Encoding and Cipher Commands
+The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings
+and ciphers.
+
+Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed
+here may be present. See L<enc(1)> for more information and command usage.
+
=over 4
+=item B<aes128>, B<aes-128-cbc>, B<aes-128-cfb>, B<aes-128-ctr>, B<aes-128-ecb>, B<aes-128-ofb>
+
+AES-128 Cipher
+
+=item B<aes192>, B<aes-192-cbc>, B<aes-192-cfb>, B<aes-192-ctr>, B<aes-192-ecb>, B<aes-192-ofb>
+
+AES-192 Cipher
+
+=item B<aes256>, B<aes-256-cbc>, B<aes-256-cfb>, B<aes-256-ctr>, B<aes-256-ecb>, B<aes-256-ofb>
+
+AES-256 Cipher
+
+=item B<aria128>, B<aria-128-cbc>, B<aria-128-cfb>, B<aria-128-ctr>, B<aria-128-ecb>, B<aria-128-ofb>
+
+Aria-128 Cipher
+
+=item B<aria192>, B<aria-192-cbc>, B<aria-192-cfb>, B<aria-192-ctr>, B<aria-192-ecb>, B<aria-192-ofb>
+
+Aria-192 Cipher
+
+=item B<aria256>, B<aria-256-cbc>, B<aria-256-cfb>, B<aria-256-ctr>, B<aria-256-ecb>, B<aria-256-ofb>
+
+Aria-256 Cipher
+
=item B<base64>
Base64 Encoding
-=item B<bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb>
+=item B<bf>, B<bf-cbc>, B<bf-cfb>, B<bf-ecb>, B<bf-ofb>
Blowfish Cipher
-=item B<cast cast-cbc>
+=item B<camellia128>, B<camellia-128-cbc>, B<camellia-128-cfb>, B<camellia-128-ctr>, B<camellia-128-ecb>, B<camellia-128-ofb>
+
+Camellia-128 Cipher
+
+=item B<camellia192>, B<camellia-192-cbc>, B<camellia-192-cfb>, B<camellia-192-ctr>, B<camellia-192-ecb>, B<camellia-192-ofb>
+
+Camellia-192 Cipher
+
+=item B<camellia256>, B<camellia-256-cbc>, B<camellia-256-cfb>, B<camellia-256-ctr>, B<camellia-256-ecb>, B<camellia-256-ofb>
+
+Camellia-256 Cipher
+
+=item B<cast>, B<cast-cbc>
CAST Cipher
-=item B<cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb>
+=item B<cast5-cbc>, B<cast5-cfb>, B<cast5-ecb>, B<cast5-ofb>
CAST5 Cipher
-=item B<des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb>
+=item B<chacha20>
+
+Chacha20 Cipher
+
+=item B<des>, B<des-cbc>, B<des-cfb>, B<des-ecb>, B<des-ede>, B<des-ede-cbc>, B<des-ede-cfb>, B<des-ede-ofb>, B<des-ofb>
DES Cipher
-=item B<des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb>
+=item B<des3>, B<desx>, B<des-ede3>, B<des-ede3-cbc>, B<des-ede3-cfb>, B<des-ede3-ofb>
Triple-DES Cipher
-=item B<idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb>
+=item B<idea>, B<idea-cbc>, B<idea-cfb>, B<idea-ecb>, B<idea-ofb>
IDEA Cipher
-=item B<rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb>
+=item B<rc2>, B<rc2-cbc>, B<rc2-cfb>, B<rc2-ecb>, B<rc2-ofb>
RC2 Cipher
RC4 Cipher
-=item B<rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb>
+=item B<rc5>, B<rc5-cbc>, B<rc5-cfb>, B<rc5-ecb>, B<rc5-ofb>
RC5 Cipher
+=item B<seed>, B<seed-cbc>, B<seed-cfb>, B<seed-ecb>, B<seed-ofb>
+
+SEED Cipher
+
+=item B<sm4>, B<sm4-cbc>, B<sm4-cfb>, B<sm4-ctr>, B<sm4-ecb>, B<sm4-ofb>
+
+SM4 Cipher
+
=back
=head1 OPTIONS
prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
terminal with echoing turned off.
+Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see
+L<passphrase-encoding(7)>.
+
=over 4
=item B<pass:password>
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
projects / openssl.git / blobdiff