=head1 NAME
-openssl-pkcs12 - PKCS#12 file utility
+openssl-pkcs12 - PKCS#12 file command
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<openssl> B<pkcs12>
[B<-help>]
-[B<-export>]
-[B<-chain>]
-[B<-inkey> I<file_or_id>]
-[B<-certfile> I<filename>]
-[B<-name> I<name>]
-[B<-caname> I<name>]
-[B<-in> I<filename>]
+[B<-passin> I<arg>]
+[B<-passout> I<arg>]
+[B<-password> I<arg>]
+[B<-twopass>]
+[B<-in> I<filename>|I<uri>]
[B<-out> I<filename>]
+[B<-nokeys>]
+[B<-nocerts>]
[B<-noout>]
+[B<-legacy>]
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_synopsis -}{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_synopsis -}
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_synopsis -}
+
+PKCS#12 input (parsing) options:
+[B<-info>]
[B<-nomacver>]
-[B<-nocerts>]
[B<-clcerts>]
[B<-cacerts>]
-[B<-nokeys>]
-[B<-info>]
-[B<-des>]
-[B<-des3>]
-[B<-idea>]
+
[B<-aes128>]
[B<-aes192>]
[B<-aes256>]
[B<-camellia128>]
[B<-camellia192>]
[B<-camellia256>]
+[B<-des>]
+[B<-des3>]
+[B<-idea>]
+[B<-noenc>]
[B<-nodes>]
+
+PKCS#12 output (export) options:
+
+[B<-export>]
+[B<-inkey> I<filename>|I<uri>]
+[B<-certfile> I<filename>]
+[B<-passcerts> I<arg>]
+[B<-chain>]
+[B<-untrusted> I<filename>]
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_synopsis -}
+[B<-name> I<name>]
+[B<-caname> I<name>]
+[B<-CSP> I<name>]
+[B<-LMK>]
+[B<-keyex>]
+[B<-keysig>]
+[B<-keypbe> I<cipher>]
+[B<-certpbe> I<cipher>]
+[B<-descert>]
+[B<-macalg> I<digest>]
[B<-iter> I<count>]
[B<-noiter>]
[B<-nomaciter>]
[B<-maciter>]
[B<-nomac>]
-[B<-twopass>]
-[B<-descert>]
-[B<-certpbe> I<cipher>]
-[B<-keypbe> I<cipher>]
-[B<-macalg> I<digest>]
-[B<-keyex>]
-[B<-keysig>]
-[B<-password> I<arg>]
-[B<-passin> I<arg>]
-[B<-passout> I<arg>]
-[B<-LMK>]
-[B<-CSP> I<name>]
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_synopsis -}
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_synopsis -}
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_synopsis -}
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_synopsis -}
-
-=for openssl ifdef engine
=head1 DESCRIPTION
=head1 OPTIONS
There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a PKCS#12 file
-is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed. A PKCS#12
-file can be created by using the B<-export> option (see below).
+is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed.
+A PKCS#12 file can be created by using the B<-export> option (see below).
+The PKCS#12 export encryption and MAC options such as B<-certpbe> and B<-iter>
+and many further options such as B<-chain> are relevant only with B<-export>.
+Conversely, the options regarding encryption of private keys when outputting
+PKCS#12 input are relevant only when the B<-export> option is not given.
-=head1 PARSING OPTIONS
+The default encryption algorithm is AES-256-CBC with PBKDF2 for key derivation.
+
+When encountering problems loading legacy PKCS#12 files that involve,
+for example, RC2-40-CBC,
+try using the B<-legacy> option and, if needed, the B<-provider-path> option.
=over 4
Print out a usage message.
-=item B<-in> I<filename>
+=item B<-passin> I<arg>
-This specifies filename of the PKCS#12 file to be parsed. Standard input is used
-by default.
+The password source for the input, and for encrypting any private keys that
+are output.
+For more information about the format of B<arg>
+see L<openssl-passphrase-options(1)>.
-=item B<-out> I<filename>
+=item B<-passout> I<arg>
-The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by
-default. They are all written in PEM format.
+The password source for output files.
=item B<-password> I<arg>
With B<-export>, B<-password> is equivalent to B<-passout>,
otherwise it is equivalent to B<-passin>.
+=item B<-twopass>
+
+Prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software
+always assumes these are the same so this option will render such
+PKCS#12 files unreadable. Cannot be used in combination with the options
+B<-password>, B<-passin> if importing from PKCS#12, or B<-passout> if exporting.
+
+=item B<-nokeys>
+
+No private keys will be output.
+
+=item B<-nocerts>
+
+No certificates will be output.
+
=item B<-noout>
-This option inhibits output of the keys and certificates to the output file
-version of the PKCS#12 file.
+This option inhibits all credentials output,
+and so the input is just verified.
-=item B<-clcerts>
+=item B<-legacy>
-Only output client certificates (not CA certificates).
+Use legacy mode of operation and automatically load the legacy provider.
+If OpenSSL is not installed system-wide,
+it is necessary to also use, for example, C<-provider-path ./providers>
+or to set the environment variable B<OPENSSL_MODULES>
+to point to the directory where the providers can be found.
-=item B<-cacerts>
+In the legacy mode, the default algorithm for certificate encryption
+is RC2_CBC or 3DES_CBC depending on whether the RC2 cipher is enabled
+in the build. The default algorithm for private key encryption is 3DES_CBC.
+If the legacy option is not specified, then the legacy provider is not loaded
+and the default encryption algorithm for both certificates and private keys is
+AES_256_CBC with PBKDF2 for key derivation.
-Only output CA certificates (not client certificates).
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_item -}
-=item B<-nocerts>
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_item -}
-No certificates at all will be output.
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_item -}
-=item B<-nokeys>
+=back
-No private keys will be output.
+=head2 PKCS#12 input (parsing) options
+
+=over 4
+
+=item B<-in> I<filename>|I<uri>
+
+This specifies the input filename or URI.
+Standard input is used by default.
+Without the B<-export> option this must be PKCS#12 file to be parsed.
+For use with the B<-export> option
+see the L</PKCS#12 output (export) options> section.
+
+=item B<-out> I<filename>
+
+The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by
+default. They are all written in PEM format.
=item B<-info>
Output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms
used and iteration counts.
-=item B<-des>
+=item B<-nomacver>
-Use DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
+Don't attempt to verify the integrity MAC.
-=item B<-des3>
+=item B<-clcerts>
-Use triple DES to encrypt private keys before outputting, this is the default.
+Only output client certificates (not CA certificates).
-=item B<-idea>
+=item B<-cacerts>
-Use IDEA to encrypt private keys before outputting.
+Only output CA certificates (not client certificates).
=item B<-aes128>, B<-aes192>, B<-aes256>
Use Camellia to encrypt private keys before outputting.
-=item B<-nodes>
+=item B<-des>
-Don't encrypt the private keys at all.
+Use DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
-=item B<-nomacver>
+=item B<-des3>
-Don't attempt to verify the integrity MAC before reading the file.
+Use triple DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.
-=item B<-twopass>
+=item B<-idea>
-Prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software
-always assumes these are the same so this option will render such
-PKCS#12 files unreadable. Cannot be used in combination with the options
-B<-password>, B<-passin> if importing, or B<-passout> if exporting.
+Use IDEA to encrypt private keys before outputting.
+
+=item B<-noenc>
+
+Don't encrypt private keys at all.
+
+=item B<-nodes>
+
+This option is deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0; use B<-noenc> instead.
=back
-=head1 FILE CREATION OPTIONS
+=head2 PKCS#12 output (export) options
=over 4
This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used
by default.
-=item B<-in> I<filename>
+=item B<-in> I<filename>|I<uri>
-The filename to read certificates and private keys from, standard input by
-default. They must all be in PEM format. The order doesn't matter but one
-private key and its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional
-certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file.
+This specifies the input filename or URI.
+Standard input is used by default.
+With the B<-export> option this is a file with certificates and a key,
+or a URI that refers to a key accessed via an engine.
+The order of credentials in a file doesn't matter but one private key and
+its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional
+certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 output file.
-=item B<-inkey> I<file_or_id>
+=item B<-inkey> I<filename>|I<uri>
-File to read private key from. If not present then a private key must be present
-in the input file.
-If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
-specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.
+The private key input for PKCS12 output.
+If this option is not specified then the input file (B<-in> argument) must
+contain a private key.
+If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file.
+If the B<-engine> option is used or the URI has prefix C<org.openssl.engine:>
+then the rest of the URI is taken as key identifier for the given engine.
-=item B<-name> I<friendlyname>
+=item B<-certfile> I<filename>
-This specifies the "friendly name" for the certificate and private key. This
-name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file.
+An input file with extra certificates to be added to the PKCS#12 output
+if the B<-export> option is given.
-=item B<-certfile> I<filename>
+=item B<-passcerts> I<arg>
-A filename to read additional certificates from.
+The password source for certificate input such as B<-certfile>
+and B<-untrusted>.
+For more information about the format of B<arg> see
+L<openssl-passphrase-options(1)>.
+
+=item B<-chain>
+
+If this option is present then the certificate chain of the end entity
+certificate is built and included in the PKCS#12 output file.
+The end entity certificate is the first one read from the B<-in> file
+if no key is given, else the first certificate matching the given key.
+The standard CA trust store is used for chain building,
+as well as any untrusted CA certificates given with the B<-untrusted> option.
+
+=item B<-untrusted> I<filename>
+
+An input file of untrusted certificates that may be used
+for chain building, which is relevant only when a PKCS#12 file is created
+with the B<-export> option and the B<-chain> option is given as well.
+Any certificates that are actually part of the chain are added to the output.
+
+{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_item -}
+
+=item B<-name> I<friendlyname>
+
+This specifies the "friendly name" for the certificates and private key. This
+name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file.
=item B<-caname> I<friendlyname>
appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas MSIE
displays them.
-=item B<-passin> I<arg>, B<-passout> I<arg>
+=item B<-CSP> I<name>
+Write I<name> as a Microsoft CSP name.
The password source for the input, and for encrypting any private keys that
are output.
For more information about the format of B<arg>
-see L<openssl(1)/Pass Phrase Options>.
+see L<openssl-passphrase-options(1)>.
-=item B<-chain>
+=item B<-LMK>
-If this option is present then an attempt is made to include the entire
-certificate chain of the user certificate. The standard CA store is used
-for this search. If the search fails it is considered a fatal error.
+Add the "Local Key Set" identifier to the attributes.
-=item B<-descert>
+=item B<-keyex>|B<-keysig>
-Encrypt the certificate using triple DES, this may render the PKCS#12
-file unreadable by some "export grade" software. By default the private
-key is encrypted using triple DES and the certificate using 40 bit RC2
-unless RC2 is disabled in which case triple DES is used.
+Specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing.
+This option is only interpreted by MSIE and similar MS software. Normally
+"export grade" software will only allow 512 bit RSA keys to be used for
+encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The B<-keysig>
+option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for
+S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and SSL client
+authentication, however, due to a bug only MSIE 5.0 and later support
+the use of signing only keys for SSL client authentication.
=item B<-keypbe> I<alg>, B<-certpbe> I<alg>
is used with PKCS#5 v2.0. For interoperability reasons it is advisable to only
use PKCS#12 algorithms.
-=item B<-keyex>|B<-keysig>
+Special value C<NONE> disables encryption of the private key and certificates.
-Specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing.
-This option is only interpreted by MSIE and similar MS software. Normally
-"export grade" software will only allow 512 bit RSA keys to be used for
-encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The B<-keysig>
-option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for
-S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing) and SSL client
-authentication, however due to a bug only MSIE 5.0 and later support
-the use of signing only keys for SSL client authentication.
+=item B<-descert>
+
+Encrypt the certificates using triple DES. By default the private
+key and the certificates are encrypted using AES-256-CBC unless
+the '-legacy' option is used. If '-descert' is used with the '-legacy'
+then both, the private key and the certificates are encrypted using triple DES.
=item B<-macalg> I<digest>
-Specify the MAC digest algorithm. If not included them SHA1 will be used.
+Specify the MAC digest algorithm. If not included SHA1 will be used.
=item B<-iter> I<count>
down. The MAC is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally
have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked.
-=item B<-nomaciter>, B<-noiter>
+=item B<-noiter>, B<-nomaciter>
-By default both MAC and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using
+By default both encryption and MAC iteration counts are set to 2048, using
these options the MAC and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since
this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you
-really have to. Most software supports both MAC and key iteration counts.
+really have to. Most software supports both MAC and encryption iteration counts.
MSIE 4.0 doesn't support MAC iteration counts so it needs the B<-nomaciter>
option.
=item B<-nomac>
-Don't attempt to provide the MAC integrity.
-
-=item B<-LMK>
-
-Add the "Local Key Set" identifier to the attributes.
-
-=item B<-CSP> I<name>
-
-Write I<name> as a Microsoft CSP name.
-
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_item -}
-
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_item -}
-
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_item -}
-
-{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_item -}
+Do not attempt to provide the MAC integrity. This can be useful with the FIPS
+provider as the PKCS12 MAC requires PKCS12KDF which is not an approved FIPS
+algorithm and cannot be supported by the FIPS provider.
=back
If none of the B<-clcerts>, B<-cacerts> or B<-nocerts> options are present
then all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input
PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present is
-the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which requires
-a private key and certificate and assumes the first certificate in the
-file is the one corresponding to the private key: this may not always
-be the case. Using the B<-clcerts> option will solve this problem by only
+the one corresponding to the private key.
+Certain software which tries to get a private key and the corresponding
+certificate might assume that the first certificate in the file is the one
+corresponding to the private key, but that may not always be the case.
+Using the B<-clcerts> option will solve this problem by only
outputting the certificate corresponding to the private key. If the CA
certificates are required then they can be output to a separate file using
the B<-nokeys> B<-cacerts> options to just output CA certificates.
=head1 EXAMPLES
-Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file:
+Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a PEM file:
openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem
Don't encrypt the private key:
- openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem -nodes
+ openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem -noenc
Print some info about a PKCS#12 file:
openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout
-Create a PKCS#12 file:
+Print some info about a PKCS#12 file in legacy mode:
+
+ openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout -legacy
- openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate"
+Create a PKCS#12 file from a PEM file that may contain a key and certificates:
+
+ openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My PSE"
Include some extra certificates:
- openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate" \
+ openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My PSE" \
-certfile othercerts.pem
+Export a PKCS#12 file with data from a certificate PEM file and from a further
+PEM file containing a key, with default algorithms as in the legacy provider:
+
+ openssl pkcs12 -export -in cert.pem -inkey key.pem -out file.p12 -legacy
+
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<openssl(1)>,
L<openssl-pkcs8(1)>,
L<ossl_store-file(7)>
+=head1 HISTORY
+
+The B<-engine> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
+The B<-nodes> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0, too; use B<-noenc> instead.
+
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright 2000-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
projects / openssl.git / blobdiff