From: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Jan 2000 20:23:29 +0000 (+0000)
Subject: Since pod2man is still evolving, and some sites (among others dev.openssl.org)
X-Git-Tag: OpenSSL_0_9_5beta1~173
X-Git-Url: https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=commitdiff_plain;h=294b3c1a9c7637d413fe58014cd404856a34621e;ds=sidebyside

Since pod2man is still evolving, and some sites (among others dev.openssl.org)
don't have a version that will handle the L<foo(1)|foo(1)> construct yet, here
is a copy from my laptop (slightly modifed to work independently of the place
where perl itself resides).
---

diff --git a/util/pod2man.pl b/util/pod2man.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f5ec0767ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/pod2man.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,1181 @@
+: #!/usr/bin/perl-5.005
+    eval 'exec /usr/bin/perl -S $0 ${1+"$@"}'
+	if $running_under_some_shell;
+
+$DEF_PM_SECTION = '3pm' || '3';
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+pod2man - translate embedded Perl pod directives into man pages
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+B<pod2man>
+[ B<--section=>I<manext> ]
+[ B<--release=>I<relpatch> ]
+[ B<--center=>I<string> ]
+[ B<--date=>I<string> ]
+[ B<--fixed=>I<font> ]
+[ B<--official> ]
+[ B<--lax> ]
+I<inputfile>
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+B<pod2man> converts its input file containing embedded pod directives (see
+L<perlpod>) into nroff source suitable for viewing with nroff(1) or
+troff(1) using the man(7) macro set.
+
+Besides the obvious pod conversions, B<pod2man> also takes care of
+func(), func(n), and simple variable references like $foo or @bar so
+you don't have to use code escapes for them; complex expressions like
+C<$fred{'stuff'}> will still need to be escaped, though.  Other nagging
+little roffish things that it catches include translating the minus in
+something like foo-bar, making a long dash--like this--into a real em
+dash, fixing up "paired quotes", putting a little space after the
+parens in something like func(), making C++ and PI look right, making
+double underbars have a little tiny space between them, making ALLCAPS
+a teeny bit smaller in troff(1), and escaping backslashes so you don't
+have to.
+
+=head1 OPTIONS
+
+=over 8
+
+=item center
+
+Set the centered header to a specific string.  The default is
+"User Contributed Perl Documentation", unless the C<--official> flag is
+given, in which case the default is "Perl Programmers Reference Guide".
+
+=item date
+
+Set the left-hand footer string to this value.  By default,
+the modification date of the input file will be used.
+
+=item fixed
+
+The fixed font to use for code refs.  Defaults to CW.
+
+=item official
+
+Set the default header to indicate that this page is of
+the standard release in case C<--center> is not given.
+
+=item release
+
+Set the centered footer.  By default, this is the current
+perl release.
+
+=item section
+
+Set the section for the C<.TH> macro.  The standard conventions on
+sections are to use 1 for user commands,  2 for system calls, 3 for
+functions, 4 for devices, 5 for file formats, 6 for games, 7 for
+miscellaneous information, and 8 for administrator commands.  This works
+best if you put your Perl man pages in a separate tree, like
+F</usr/local/perl/man/>.  By default, section 1 will be used
+unless the file ends in F<.pm> in which case section 3 will be selected.
+
+=item lax
+
+Don't complain when required sections aren't present.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 Anatomy of a Proper Man Page
+
+For those not sure of the proper layout of a man page, here's
+an example of the skeleton of a proper man page.  Head of the
+major headers should be setout as a C<=head1> directive, and
+are historically written in the rather startling ALL UPPER CASE
+format, although this is not mandatory.
+Minor headers may be included using C<=head2>, and are
+typically in mixed case.
+
+=over 10
+
+=item NAME
+
+Mandatory section; should be a comma-separated list of programs or
+functions documented by this podpage, such as:
+
+    foo, bar - programs to do something
+
+=item SYNOPSIS
+
+A short usage summary for programs and functions, which
+may someday be deemed mandatory.
+
+=item DESCRIPTION
+
+Long drawn out discussion of the program.  It's a good idea to break this
+up into subsections using the C<=head2> directives, like
+
+    =head2 A Sample Subection
+
+    =head2 Yet Another Sample Subection
+
+=item OPTIONS
+
+Some people make this separate from the description.
+
+=item RETURN VALUE
+
+What the program or function returns if successful.
+
+=item ERRORS
+
+Exceptions, return codes, exit stati, and errno settings.
+
+=item EXAMPLES
+
+Give some example uses of the program.
+
+=item ENVIRONMENT
+
+Envariables this program might care about.
+
+=item FILES
+
+All files used by the program.  You should probably use the FE<lt>E<gt>
+for these.
+
+=item SEE ALSO
+
+Other man pages to check out, like man(1), man(7), makewhatis(8), or catman(8).
+
+=item NOTES
+
+Miscellaneous commentary.
+
+=item CAVEATS
+
+Things to take special care with; sometimes called WARNINGS.
+
+=item DIAGNOSTICS
+
+All possible messages the program can print out--and
+what they mean.
+
+=item BUGS
+
+Things that are broken or just don't work quite right.
+
+=item RESTRICTIONS
+
+Bugs you don't plan to fix :-)
+
+=item AUTHOR
+
+Who wrote it (or AUTHORS if multiple).
+
+=item HISTORY
+
+Programs derived from other sources sometimes have this, or
+you might keep a modification log here.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 EXAMPLES
+
+    pod2man program > program.1
+    pod2man some_module.pm > /usr/perl/man/man3/some_module.3
+    pod2man --section=7 note.pod > note.7
+
+=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
+
+The following diagnostics are generated by B<pod2man>.  Items
+marked "(W)" are non-fatal, whereas the "(F)" errors will cause
+B<pod2man> to immediately exit with a non-zero status.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item bad option in paragraph %d of %s: ``%s'' should be [%s]<%s>
+
+(W) If you start include an option, you should set it off
+as bold, italic, or code.
+
+=item can't open %s: %s
+
+(F) The input file wasn't available for the given reason.
+
+=item Improper man page - no dash in NAME header in paragraph %d of %s
+
+(W) The NAME header did not have an isolated dash in it.  This is
+considered important.
+
+=item Invalid man page - no NAME line in %s
+
+(F) You did not include a NAME header, which is essential.
+
+=item roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s'  (F)
+
+(F) The font specified with the C<--fixed> option was not
+a one- or two-digit roff font.
+
+=item %s is missing required section: %s
+
+(W) Required sections include NAME, DESCRIPTION, and if you're
+using a section starting with a 3, also a SYNOPSIS.  Actually,
+not having a NAME is a fatal.
+
+=item Unknown escape: %s in %s
+
+(W) An unknown HTML entity (probably for an 8-bit character) was given via
+a C<EE<lt>E<gt>> directive.  Besides amp, lt, gt, and quot, recognized
+entities are Aacute, aacute, Acirc, acirc, AElig, aelig, Agrave, agrave,
+Aring, aring, Atilde, atilde, Auml, auml, Ccedil, ccedil, Eacute, eacute,
+Ecirc, ecirc, Egrave, egrave, ETH, eth, Euml, euml, Iacute, iacute, Icirc,
+icirc, Igrave, igrave, Iuml, iuml, Ntilde, ntilde, Oacute, oacute, Ocirc,
+ocirc, Ograve, ograve, Oslash, oslash, Otilde, otilde, Ouml, ouml, szlig,
+THORN, thorn, Uacute, uacute, Ucirc, ucirc, Ugrave, ugrave, Uuml, uuml,
+Yacute, yacute, and yuml.
+
+=item Unmatched =back
+
+(W) You have a C<=back> without a corresponding C<=over>.
+
+=item Unrecognized pod directive: %s
+
+(W) You specified a pod directive that isn't in the known list of
+C<=head1>, C<=head2>, C<=item>, C<=over>, C<=back>, or C<=cut>.
+
+
+=back
+
+=head1 NOTES
+
+If you would like to print out a lot of man page continuously, you
+probably want to set the C and D registers to set contiguous page
+numbering and even/odd paging, at least on some versions of man(7).
+Settting the F register will get you some additional experimental
+indexing:
+
+    troff -man -rC1 -rD1 -rF1 perl.1 perldata.1 perlsyn.1 ...
+
+The indexing merely outputs messages via C<.tm> for each
+major page, section, subsection, item, and any C<XE<lt>E<gt>>
+directives.
+
+
+=head1 RESTRICTIONS
+
+None at this time.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+The =over and =back directives don't really work right.  They
+take absolute positions instead of offsets, don't nest well, and
+making people count is suboptimal in any event.
+
+=head1 AUTHORS
+
+Original prototype by Larry Wall, but so massively hacked over by
+Tom Christiansen such that Larry probably doesn't recognize it anymore.
+
+=cut
+
+$/ = "";
+$cutting = 1;
+@Indices = ();
+
+# We try first to get the version number from a local binary, in case we're
+# running an installed version of Perl to produce documentation from an
+# uninstalled newer version's pod files.
+if ($^O ne 'plan9' and $^O ne 'dos' and $^O ne 'os2' and $^O ne 'MSWin32') {
+  my $perl = (-x './perl' && -f './perl' ) ?
+                 './perl' :
+                 ((-x '../perl' && -f '../perl') ?
+                      '../perl' :
+                      '');
+  ($version,$patch) = `$perl -e 'print $]'` =~ /^(\d\.\d{3})(\d{2})?/ if $perl;
+}
+# No luck; we'll just go with the running Perl's version
+($version,$patch) = $] =~ /^(.{5})(\d{2})?/ unless $version;
+$DEF_RELEASE  = "perl $version";
+$DEF_RELEASE .= ", patch $patch" if $patch;
+
+
+sub makedate {
+    my $secs = shift;
+    my ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime($secs);
+    my $mname = (qw{Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec})[$mon];
+    $year += 1900;
+    return "$mday/$mname/$year";
+}
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+$DEF_SECTION = 1;
+$DEF_CENTER = "User Contributed Perl Documentation";
+$STD_CENTER = "Perl Programmers Reference Guide";
+$DEF_FIXED = 'CW';
+$DEF_LAX = 0;
+
+sub usage {
+    warn "$0: @_\n" if @_;
+    die <<EOF;
+usage: $0 [options] podpage
+Options are:
+	--section=manext      (default "$DEF_SECTION")
+	--release=relpatch    (default "$DEF_RELEASE")
+	--center=string       (default "$DEF_CENTER")
+	--date=string         (default "$DEF_DATE")
+	--fixed=font	      (default "$DEF_FIXED")
+	--official	      (default NOT)
+	--lax                 (default NOT)
+EOF
+}
+
+$uok = GetOptions( qw(
+	section=s
+	release=s
+	center=s
+	date=s
+	fixed=s
+	official
+	lax
+	help));
+
+$DEF_DATE = makedate((stat($ARGV[0]))[9] || time());
+
+usage("Usage error!") unless $uok;
+usage() if $opt_help;
+usage("Need one and only one podpage argument") unless @ARGV == 1;
+
+$section = $opt_section || ($ARGV[0] =~ /\.pm$/
+				? $DEF_PM_SECTION : $DEF_SECTION);
+$RP = $opt_release || $DEF_RELEASE;
+$center = $opt_center || ($opt_official ? $STD_CENTER : $DEF_CENTER);
+$lax = $opt_lax || $DEF_LAX;
+
+$CFont = $opt_fixed || $DEF_FIXED;
+
+if (length($CFont) == 2) {
+    $CFont_embed = "\\f($CFont";
+}
+elsif (length($CFont) == 1) {
+    $CFont_embed = "\\f$CFont";
+}
+else {
+    die "roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `$CFont_embed'";
+}
+
+$date = $opt_date || $DEF_DATE;
+
+for (qw{NAME DESCRIPTION}) {
+# for (qw{NAME DESCRIPTION AUTHOR}) {
+    $wanna_see{$_}++;
+}
+$wanna_see{SYNOPSIS}++ if $section =~ /^3/;
+
+
+$name = @ARGV ? $ARGV[0] : "<STDIN>";
+$Filename = $name;
+if ($section =~ /^1/) {
+    require File::Basename;
+    $name = uc File::Basename::basename($name);
+}
+$name =~ s/\.(pod|p[lm])$//i;
+
+# Lose everything up to the first of
+#     */lib/*perl*	standard or site_perl module
+#     */*perl*/lib	from -D prefix=/opt/perl
+#     */*perl*/		random module hierarchy
+# which works.
+$name =~ s-//+-/-g;
+if ($name =~ s-^.*?/lib/[^/]*perl[^/]*/--i
+	or $name =~ s-^.*?/[^/]*perl[^/]*/lib/--i
+	or $name =~ s-^.*?/[^/]*perl[^/]*/--i) {
+    # Lose ^site(_perl)?/.
+    $name =~ s-^site(_perl)?/--;
+    # Lose ^arch/.	(XXX should we use Config? Just for archname?)
+    $name =~ s~^(.*-$^O|$^O-.*)/~~o;
+    # Lose ^version/.
+    $name =~ s-^\d+\.\d+/--;
+}
+
+# Translate Getopt/Long to Getopt::Long, etc.
+$name =~ s(/)(::)g;
+
+if ($name ne 'something') {
+    FCHECK: {
+	open(F, "< $ARGV[0]") || die "can't open $ARGV[0]: $!";
+	while (<F>) {
+	    next unless /^=\b/;
+	    if (/^=head1\s+NAME\s*$/) {  # an /m would forgive mistakes
+		$_ = <F>;
+		unless (/\s*-+\s+/) {
+		    $oops++;
+		    warn "$0: Improper man page - no dash in NAME header in paragraph $. of $ARGV[0]\n"
+                } else {
+		    my @n = split /\s+-+\s+/;
+		    if (@n != 2) {
+			$oops++;
+			warn "$0: Improper man page - malformed NAME header in paragraph $. of $ARGV[0]\n"
+		    }
+		    else {
+			%namedesc = @n;
+		    }
+		}
+		last FCHECK;
+	    }
+	    next if /^=cut\b/;	# DB_File and Net::Ping have =cut before NAME
+	    next if /^=pod\b/;  # It is OK to have =pod before NAME
+	    die "$0: Invalid man page - 1st pod line is not NAME in $ARGV[0]\n" unless $lax;
+	}
+	die "$0: Invalid man page - no documentation in $ARGV[0]\n" unless $lax;
+    }
+    close F;
+}
+
+print <<"END";
+.rn '' }`
+''' \$RCSfile\$\$Revision\$\$Date\$
+'''
+''' \$Log\$
+'''
+.de Sh
+.br
+.if t .Sp
+.ne 5
+.PP
+\\fB\\\\\$1\\fR
+.PP
+..
+.de Sp
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp
+..
+.de Ip
+.br
+.ie \\\\n(.\$>=3 .ne \\\\\$3
+.el .ne 3
+.IP "\\\\\$1" \\\\\$2
+..
+.de Vb
+.ft $CFont
+.nf
+.ne \\\\\$1
+..
+.de Ve
+.ft R
+
+.fi
+..
+'''
+'''
+'''     Set up \\*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;
+'''     string Tr holds user defined translation string.
+'''     Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.
+'''
+.tr \\(*W-|\\(bv\\*(Tr
+.ie n \\{\\
+.ds -- \\(*W-
+.ds PI pi
+.if (\\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \\(*W\\h'-12u'\\(*W\\h'-12u'-\\" diablo 10 pitch
+.if (\\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \\(*W\\h'-12u'\\(*W\\h'-8u'-\\" diablo 12 pitch
+.ds L" ""
+.ds R" ""
+'''   \\*(M", \\*(S", \\*(N" and \\*(T" are the equivalent of
+'''   \\*(L" and \\*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines,
+'''   such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of
+'''   double-quote interpretation
+.ds M" """
+.ds S" """
+.ds N" """""
+.ds T" """""
+.ds L' '
+.ds R' '
+.ds M' '
+.ds S' '
+.ds N' '
+.ds T' '
+'br\\}
+.el\\{\\
+.ds -- \\(em\\|
+.tr \\*(Tr
+.ds L" ``
+.ds R" ''
+.ds M" ``
+.ds S" ''
+.ds N" ``
+.ds T" ''
+.ds L' `
+.ds R' '
+.ds M' `
+.ds S' '
+.ds N' `
+.ds T' '
+.ds PI \\(*p
+'br\\}
+END
+
+print <<'END';
+.\"	If the F register is turned on, we'll generate
+.\"	index entries out stderr for the following things:
+.\"		TH	Title 
+.\"		SH	Header
+.\"		Sh	Subsection 
+.\"		Ip	Item
+.\"		X<>	Xref  (embedded
+.\"	Of course, you have to process the output yourself
+.\"	in some meaninful fashion.
+.if \nF \{
+.de IX
+.tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
+..
+.nr % 0
+.rr F
+.\}
+END
+
+print <<"END";
+.TH $name $section "$RP" "$date" "$center"
+.UC
+END
+
+push(@Indices, qq{.IX Title "$name $section"});
+
+while (($name, $desc) = each %namedesc) {
+    for ($name, $desc) { s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; }
+    push(@Indices, qq(.IX Name "$name - $desc"\n));
+}
+
+print <<'END';
+.if n .hy 0
+.if n .na
+.ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p'
+.de CQ          \" put $1 in typewriter font
+END
+print ".ft $CFont\n";
+print <<'END';
+'if n "\c
+'if t \\&\\$1\c
+'if n \\&\\$1\c
+'if n \&"
+\\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7
+'.ft R
+..
+.\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2
+.	\" AM - accent mark definitions
+.bd B 3
+.	\" fudge factors for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.	ds #H 0
+.	ds #V .8m
+.	ds #F .3m
+.	ds #[ \f1
+.	ds #] \fP
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.	ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m)
+.	ds #V .6m
+.	ds #F 0
+.	ds #[ \&
+.	ds #] \&
+.\}
+.	\" simple accents for nroff and troff
+.if n \{\
+.	ds ' \&
+.	ds ` \&
+.	ds ^ \&
+.	ds , \&
+.	ds ~ ~
+.	ds ? ?
+.	ds ! !
+.	ds /
+.	ds q
+.\}
+.if t \{\
+.	ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u"
+.	ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u'
+.	ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u'
+.	ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u'
+.	ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u'
+.	ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10'
+.	ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m'
+.	ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u'
+.	ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10'
+.\}
+.	\" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents
+.ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V'
+.ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#]
+.ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#]
+.ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H'
+.ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#]
+.ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#]
+.ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E
+.ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e
+.ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E
+.	\" corrections for vroff
+.if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u'
+.if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u'
+.	\" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr)
+.if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \
+\{\
+.	ds : e
+.	ds 8 ss
+.	ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga'
+.	ds _ \h'-1'^
+.	ds . \h'-1'.
+.	ds 3 3
+.	ds o a
+.	ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga
+.	ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy
+.	ds th \o'bp'
+.	ds Th \o'LP'
+.	ds ae ae
+.	ds Ae AE
+.	ds oe oe
+.	ds Oe OE
+.\}
+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+END
+
+$indent = 0;
+
+$begun = "";
+
+# Unrolling [^A-Z>]|[A-Z](?!<) gives:    // MRE pp 165.
+my $nonest = '(?:[^A-Z>]*(?:[A-Z](?!<)[^A-Z>]*)*)';
+
+while (<>) {
+    if ($cutting) {
+	next unless /^=/;
+	$cutting = 0;
+    }
+    if ($begun) {
+	if (/^=end\s+$begun/) {
+            $begun = "";
+	}
+	elsif ($begun =~ /^(roff|man)$/) {
+	    print STDOUT $_;
+        }
+	next;
+    }
+    chomp;
+
+    # Translate verbatim paragraph
+
+    if (/^\s/) {
+	@lines = split(/\n/);
+	for (@lines) {
+	    1 while s
+		{^( [^\t]* ) \t ( \t* ) }
+		{ $1 . ' ' x (8 - (length($1)%8) + 8 * (length($2))) }ex;
+	    s/\\/\\e/g;
+	    s/\A/\\&/s;
+	}
+	$lines = @lines;
+	makespace() unless $verbatim++;
+	print ".Vb $lines\n";
+	print join("\n", @lines), "\n";
+	print ".Ve\n";
+	$needspace = 0;
+	next;
+    }
+
+    $verbatim = 0;
+
+    if (/^=for\s+(\S+)\s*/s) {
+	if ($1 eq "man" or $1 eq "roff") {
+	    print STDOUT $',"\n\n";
+	} else {
+	    # ignore unknown for
+	}
+	next;
+    }
+    elsif (/^=begin\s+(\S+)\s*/s) {
+	$begun = $1;
+	if ($1 eq "man" or $1 eq "roff") {
+	    print STDOUT $'."\n\n";
+	}
+	next;
+    }
+
+    # check for things that'll hosed our noremap scheme; affects $_
+    init_noremap();
+
+    if (!/^=item/) {
+
+	# trofficate backslashes; must do it before what happens below
+	s/\\/noremap('\\e')/ge;
+
+	# protect leading periods and quotes against *roff
+	# mistaking them for directives
+	s/^(?:[A-Z]<)?[.']/\\&$&/gm;
+
+	# first hide the escapes in case we need to
+	# intuit something and get it wrong due to fmting
+
+	1 while s/([A-Z]<$nonest>)/noremap($1)/ge;
+
+	# func() is a reference to a perl function
+	s{
+	    \b
+	    (
+		[:\w]+ \(\)
+	    )
+	} {I<$1>}gx;
+
+	# func(n) is a reference to a perl function or a man page
+	s{
+	    ([:\w]+)
+	    (
+		\( [^\051]+ \)
+	    )
+	} {I<$1>\\|$2}gx;
+
+	# convert simple variable references
+	s/(\s+)([\$\@%][\w:]+)(?!\()/${1}C<$2>/g;
+
+	if (m{ (
+		    [\-\w]+
+		    \(
+			[^\051]*?
+			[\@\$,]
+			[^\051]*?
+		    \)
+		)
+	    }x && $` !~ /([LCI]<[^<>]*|-)$/ && !/^=\w/)
+	{
+	    warn "$0: bad option in paragraph $. of $ARGV: ``$1'' should be [LCI]<$1>\n";
+	    $oops++;
+	}
+
+	while (/(-[a-zA-Z])\b/g && $` !~ /[\w\-]$/) {
+	    warn "$0: bad option in paragraph $. of $ARGV: ``$1'' should be [CB]<$1>\n";
+	    $oops++;
+	}
+
+	# put it back so we get the <> processed again;
+	clear_noremap(0); # 0 means leave the E's
+
+    } else {
+	# trofficate backslashes
+	s/\\/noremap('\\e')/ge;
+
+    }
+
+    # need to hide E<> first; they're processed in clear_noremap
+    s/(E<[^<>]+>)/noremap($1)/ge;
+
+
+    $maxnest = 10;
+    while ($maxnest-- && /[A-Z]</) {
+
+	# can't do C font here
+	s/([BI])<($nonest)>/font($1) . $2 . font('R')/eg;
+
+	# files and filelike refs in italics
+	s/F<($nonest)>/I<$1>/g;
+
+	# no break -- usually we want C<> for this
+	s/S<($nonest)>/nobreak($1)/eg;
+
+	# LREF: a la HREF L<show this text|man/section>
+	s:L<([^|>]+)\|[^>]+>:$1:g;
+
+	# LREF: a manpage(3f)
+	s:L<([a-zA-Z][^\s\/]+)(\([^\)]+\))?>:the I<$1>$2 manpage:g;
+
+	# LREF: an =item on another manpage
+	s{
+	    L<
+		([^/]+)
+		/
+		(
+		    [:\w]+
+		    (\(\))?
+		)
+	    >
+	} {the C<$2> entry in the I<$1> manpage}gx;
+
+	# LREF: an =item on this manpage
+	s{
+	   ((?:
+	    L<
+		/
+		(
+		    [:\w]+
+		    (\(\))?
+		)
+	    >
+	    (,?\s+(and\s+)?)?
+	  )+)
+	} { internal_lrefs($1) }gex;
+
+	# LREF: a =head2 (head1?), maybe on a manpage, maybe right here
+	# the "func" can disambiguate
+	s{
+	    L<
+		(?:
+		    ([a-zA-Z]\S+?) /
+		)?
+		"?(.*?)"?
+	    >
+	}{
+	    do {
+		$1 	# if no $1, assume it means on this page.
+		    ?  "the section on I<$2> in the I<$1> manpage"
+		    :  "the section on I<$2>"
+	    }
+	}gesx; # s in case it goes over multiple lines, so . matches \n
+
+	s/Z<>/\\&/g;
+
+	# comes last because not subject to reprocessing
+	s/C<($nonest)>/noremap("${CFont_embed}${1}\\fR")/eg;
+    }
+
+    if (s/^=//) {
+	$needspace = 0;		# Assume this.
+
+	s/\n/ /g;
+
+	($Cmd, $_) = split(' ', $_, 2);
+
+	$dotlevel = 1;
+	if ($Cmd eq 'head1') {
+	   $dotlevel = 1;
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'head2') {
+	   $dotlevel = 1;
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'item') {
+	   $dotlevel = 2;
+	}
+
+	if (defined $_) {
+	    &escapes($dotlevel);
+	    s/"/""/g;
+	}
+
+	clear_noremap(1);
+
+	if ($Cmd eq 'cut') {
+	    $cutting = 1;
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'head1') {
+	    s/\s+$//;
+	    delete $wanna_see{$_} if exists $wanna_see{$_};
+	    print qq{.SH "$_"\n};
+      push(@Indices, qq{.IX Header "$_"\n});
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'head2') {
+	    print qq{.Sh "$_"\n};
+      push(@Indices, qq{.IX Subsection "$_"\n});
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'over') {
+	    push(@indent,$indent);
+	    $indent += ($_ + 0) || 5;
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'back') {
+	    $indent = pop(@indent);
+	    warn "$0: Unmatched =back in paragraph $. of $ARGV\n" unless defined $indent;
+	    $needspace = 1;
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'item') {
+	    s/^\*( |$)/\\(bu$1/g;
+	    # if you know how to get ":s please do
+	    s/\\\*\(L"([^"]+?)\\\*\(R"/'$1'/g;
+	    s/\\\*\(L"([^"]+?)""/'$1'/g;
+	    s/[^"]""([^"]+?)""[^"]/'$1'/g;
+	    # here do something about the $" in perlvar?
+	    print STDOUT qq{.Ip "$_" $indent\n};
+      push(@Indices, qq{.IX Item "$_"\n});
+	}
+	elsif ($Cmd eq 'pod') {
+	    # this is just a comment
+	} 
+	else {
+	    warn "$0: Unrecognized pod directive in paragraph $. of $ARGV: $Cmd\n";
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	if ($needspace) {
+	    &makespace;
+	}
+	&escapes(0);
+	clear_noremap(1);
+	print $_, "\n";
+	$needspace = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+print <<"END";
+
+.rn }` ''
+END
+
+if (%wanna_see && !$lax) {
+    @missing = keys %wanna_see;
+    warn "$0: $Filename is missing required section"
+	.  (@missing > 1 && "s")
+	.  ": @missing\n";
+    $oops++;
+}
+
+foreach (@Indices) { print "$_\n"; }
+
+exit;
+#exit ($oops != 0);
+
+#########################################################################
+
+sub nobreak {
+    my $string = shift;
+    $string =~ s/ /\\ /g;
+    $string;
+}
+
+sub escapes {
+    my $indot = shift;
+
+    s/X<(.*?)>/mkindex($1)/ge;
+
+    # translate the minus in foo-bar into foo\-bar for roff
+    s/([^0-9a-z-])-([^-])/$1\\-$2/g;
+
+    # make -- into the string version \*(-- (defined above)
+    s/\b--\b/\\*(--/g;
+    s/"--([^"])/"\\*(--$1/g;  # should be a better way
+    s/([^"])--"/$1\\*(--"/g;
+
+    # fix up quotes; this is somewhat tricky
+    my $dotmacroL = 'L';
+    my $dotmacroR = 'R';
+    if ( $indot == 1 ) {
+	$dotmacroL = 'M';
+	$dotmacroR = 'S';
+    }  
+    elsif ( $indot >= 2 ) {
+	$dotmacroL = 'N';
+	$dotmacroR = 'T';
+    }  
+    if (!/""/) {
+	s/(^|\s)(['"])/noremap("$1\\*($dotmacroL$2")/ge;
+	s/(['"])($|[\-\s,;\\!?.])/noremap("\\*($dotmacroR$1$2")/ge;
+    }
+
+    #s/(?!")(?:.)--(?!")(?:.)/\\*(--/g;
+    #s/(?:(?!")(?:.)--(?:"))|(?:(?:")--(?!")(?:.))/\\*(--/g;
+
+
+    # make sure that func() keeps a bit a space tween the parens
+    ### s/\b\(\)/\\|()/g;
+    ### s/\b\(\)/(\\|)/g;
+
+    # make C++ into \*C+, which is a squinched version (defined above)
+    s/\bC\+\+/\\*(C+/g;
+
+    # make double underbars have a little tiny space between them
+    s/__/_\\|_/g;
+
+    # PI goes to \*(PI (defined above)
+    s/\bPI\b/noremap('\\*(PI')/ge;
+
+    # make all caps a teeny bit smaller, but don't muck with embedded code literals
+    my $hidCFont = font('C');
+    if ($Cmd !~ /^head1/) { # SH already makes smaller
+	# /g isn't enough; 1 while or we'll be off
+
+#	1 while s{
+#	    (?!$hidCFont)(..|^.|^)
+#	    \b
+#	    (
+#		[A-Z][\/A-Z+:\-\d_$.]+
+#	    )
+#	    (s?) 		
+#	    \b
+#	} {$1\\s-1$2\\s0}gmox;
+
+	1 while s{
+	    (?!$hidCFont)(..|^.|^)
+	    (
+		\b[A-Z]{2,}[\/A-Z+:\-\d_\$]*\b
+	    )
+	} {
+	    $1 . noremap( '\\s-1' .  $2 . '\\s0' )
+	}egmox;
+
+    }
+}
+
+# make troff just be normal, but make small nroff get quoted
+# decided to just put the quotes in the text; sigh;
+sub ccvt {
+    local($_,$prev) = @_;
+    noremap(qq{.CQ "$_" \n\\&});
+}
+
+sub makespace {
+    if ($indent) {
+	print ".Sp\n";
+    }
+    else {
+	print ".PP\n";
+    }
+}
+
+sub mkindex {
+    my ($entry) = @_;
+    my @entries = split m:\s*/\s*:, $entry;
+    push @Indices, ".IX Xref " . join ' ', map {qq("$_")} @entries;
+    return '';
+}
+
+sub font {
+    local($font) = shift;
+    return '\\f' . noremap($font);
+}
+
+sub noremap {
+    local($thing_to_hide) = shift;
+    $thing_to_hide =~ tr/\000-\177/\200-\377/;
+    return $thing_to_hide;
+}
+
+sub init_noremap {
+	# escape high bit characters in input stream
+	s/([\200-\377])/"E<".ord($1).">"/ge;
+}
+
+sub clear_noremap {
+    my $ready_to_print = $_[0];
+
+    tr/\200-\377/\000-\177/;
+
+    # trofficate backslashes
+    # s/(?!\\e)(?:..|^.|^)\\/\\e/g;
+
+    # now for the E<>s, which have been hidden until now
+    # otherwise the interative \w<> processing would have
+    # been hosed by the E<gt>
+    s {
+	    E<
+	    (
+	        ( \d + ) 
+	        | ( [A-Za-z]+ )	
+	    )
+	    >	
+    } {
+	 do {
+	     defined $2
+		? chr($2)
+		:	
+	     exists $HTML_Escapes{$3}
+		? do { $HTML_Escapes{$3} }
+		: do {
+		    warn "$0: Unknown escape in paragraph $. of $ARGV: ``$&''\n";
+		    "E<$1>";
+		}
+	 }
+    }egx if $ready_to_print;
+}
+
+sub internal_lrefs {
+    local($_) = shift;
+    local $trailing_and = s/and\s+$// ? "and " : "";
+
+    s{L</([^>]+)>}{$1}g;
+    my(@items) = split( /(?:,?\s+(?:and\s+)?)/ );
+    my $retstr = "the ";
+    my $i;
+    for ($i = 0; $i <= $#items; $i++) {
+	$retstr .= "C<$items[$i]>";
+	$retstr .= ", " if @items > 2 && $i != $#items;
+	$retstr .= " and " if $i+2 == @items;
+    }
+
+    $retstr .= " entr" . ( @items > 1  ? "ies" : "y" )
+	    .  " elsewhere in this document";
+    # terminal space to avoid words running together (pattern used
+    # strips terminal spaces)
+    $retstr .= " " if length $trailing_and;
+    $retstr .=  $trailing_and;
+
+    return $retstr;
+
+}
+
+BEGIN {
+%HTML_Escapes = (
+    'amp'	=>	'&',	#   ampersand
+    'lt'	=>	'<',	#   left chevron, less-than
+    'gt'	=>	'>',	#   right chevron, greater-than
+    'quot'	=>	'"',	#   double quote
+
+    "Aacute"	=>	"A\\*'",	#   capital A, acute accent
+    "aacute"	=>	"a\\*'",	#   small a, acute accent
+    "Acirc"	=>	"A\\*^",	#   capital A, circumflex accent
+    "acirc"	=>	"a\\*^",	#   small a, circumflex accent
+    "AElig"	=>	'\*(AE',	#   capital AE diphthong (ligature)
+    "aelig"	=>	'\*(ae',	#   small ae diphthong (ligature)
+    "Agrave"	=>	"A\\*`",	#   capital A, grave accent
+    "agrave"	=>	"A\\*`",	#   small a, grave accent
+    "Aring"	=>	'A\\*o',	#   capital A, ring
+    "aring"	=>	'a\\*o',	#   small a, ring
+    "Atilde"	=>	'A\\*~',	#   capital A, tilde
+    "atilde"	=>	'a\\*~',	#   small a, tilde
+    "Auml"	=>	'A\\*:',	#   capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "auml"	=>	'a\\*:',	#   small a, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "Ccedil"	=>	'C\\*,',	#   capital C, cedilla
+    "ccedil"	=>	'c\\*,',	#   small c, cedilla
+    "Eacute"	=>	"E\\*'",	#   capital E, acute accent
+    "eacute"	=>	"e\\*'",	#   small e, acute accent
+    "Ecirc"	=>	"E\\*^",	#   capital E, circumflex accent
+    "ecirc"	=>	"e\\*^",	#   small e, circumflex accent
+    "Egrave"	=>	"E\\*`",	#   capital E, grave accent
+    "egrave"	=>	"e\\*`",	#   small e, grave accent
+    "ETH"	=>	'\\*(D-',	#   capital Eth, Icelandic
+    "eth"	=>	'\\*(d-',	#   small eth, Icelandic
+    "Euml"	=>	"E\\*:",	#   capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "euml"	=>	"e\\*:",	#   small e, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "Iacute"	=>	"I\\*'",	#   capital I, acute accent
+    "iacute"	=>	"i\\*'",	#   small i, acute accent
+    "Icirc"	=>	"I\\*^",	#   capital I, circumflex accent
+    "icirc"	=>	"i\\*^",	#   small i, circumflex accent
+    "Igrave"	=>	"I\\*`",	#   capital I, grave accent
+    "igrave"	=>	"i\\*`",	#   small i, grave accent
+    "Iuml"	=>	"I\\*:",	#   capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "iuml"	=>	"i\\*:",	#   small i, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "Ntilde"	=>	'N\*~',		#   capital N, tilde
+    "ntilde"	=>	'n\*~',		#   small n, tilde
+    "Oacute"	=>	"O\\*'",	#   capital O, acute accent
+    "oacute"	=>	"o\\*'",	#   small o, acute accent
+    "Ocirc"	=>	"O\\*^",	#   capital O, circumflex accent
+    "ocirc"	=>	"o\\*^",	#   small o, circumflex accent
+    "Ograve"	=>	"O\\*`",	#   capital O, grave accent
+    "ograve"	=>	"o\\*`",	#   small o, grave accent
+    "Oslash"	=>	"O\\*/",	#   capital O, slash
+    "oslash"	=>	"o\\*/",	#   small o, slash
+    "Otilde"	=>	"O\\*~",	#   capital O, tilde
+    "otilde"	=>	"o\\*~",	#   small o, tilde
+    "Ouml"	=>	"O\\*:",	#   capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "ouml"	=>	"o\\*:",	#   small o, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "szlig"	=>	'\*8',		#   small sharp s, German (sz ligature)
+    "THORN"	=>	'\\*(Th',	#   capital THORN, Icelandic
+    "thorn"	=>	'\\*(th',,	#   small thorn, Icelandic
+    "Uacute"	=>	"U\\*'",	#   capital U, acute accent
+    "uacute"	=>	"u\\*'",	#   small u, acute accent
+    "Ucirc"	=>	"U\\*^",	#   capital U, circumflex accent
+    "ucirc"	=>	"u\\*^",	#   small u, circumflex accent
+    "Ugrave"	=>	"U\\*`",	#   capital U, grave accent
+    "ugrave"	=>	"u\\*`",	#   small u, grave accent
+    "Uuml"	=>	"U\\*:",	#   capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "uuml"	=>	"u\\*:",	#   small u, dieresis or umlaut mark
+    "Yacute"	=>	"Y\\*'",	#   capital Y, acute accent
+    "yacute"	=>	"y\\*'",	#   small y, acute accent
+    "yuml"	=>	"y\\*:",	#   small y, dieresis or umlaut mark
+);
+}
+