Modify ossl_method_store_add() to accept an OSSL_PROVIDER and check for it

Modify ossl_method_store_add() to accept an OSSL_PROVIDER and check for it

If ossl_method_store_add() gets called with a method that already exists
(i.e. the store has one with matching provider, nid and properties), that
method should not be stored.  We do this check inside ossl_method_store_add()
because it has all the locking required to do so safely.

Fixes #9561

Reviewed-by: Shane Lontis <shane.lontis@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9650)