Add NULL check before accessing PKCS7 encrypted algorithm

Add NULL check before accessing PKCS7 encrypted algorithm

Printing content of an invalid test certificate causes application crash, because of NULL dereference:

user@user:~/openssl$ openssl pkcs12 -in test/recipes/80-test_pkcs12_data/bad2.p12 -passin pass: -info
MAC: sha256, Iteration 2048
MAC length: 32, salt length: 8
PKCS7 Encrypted data: Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Added test cases for pkcs12 bad certificates

Reviewed-by: Bernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@hotmail.de>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/23632)

(cherry picked from commit a4cbffcd8998180b98bb9f7ce6065ed37d079d8b)