Add 'on demand self test' and status test to providers

Add 'on demand self test' and status test to providers

The default and legacy providers currently return 1 for status and self test checks.
Added test to show the 3 different stages the self test can be run (for installation, loading and on demand).

For the fips provider:
  - If the on demand self test fails, then any subsequent fetches should also fail. To implement this the
    cached algorithms are flushed on failure.
  - getting the self test callback in the fips provider is a bit complicated since the callback hangs off the core
    libctx (as it is set by the application) not the actual fips library context. Also the callback can be set at
    any time not just during the OSSL_provider_init() so it is calculated each time before doing any self test.

Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/11752)