X-Git-Url: https://git.openssl.org/gitweb/?p=openssl.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=apps%2Fapps.c;h=05e1c2d009aeeed7b3117e99a4bc61aa98477da1;hp=ff832bd0be410f91e36f95f9e75a53ccdc60697d;hb=dd1abd4462e4e4fa84b8f8de2ec70375f9b0e191;hpb=a3ed492f58d1febb9e048fb6ab5b96983569bf3b

diff --git a/apps/apps.c b/apps/apps.c
index ff832bd0be..05e1c2d009 100644
--- a/apps/apps.c
+++ b/apps/apps.c
@@ -1,111 +1,10 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * This package is an SSL implementation written
- * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
- * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
- *
- * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
- * the following conditions are aheared to.  The following conditions
- * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
- * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code.  The SSL documentation
- * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
- * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
- *
- * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in
- * the code are not to be removed.
- * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
- * as the author of the parts of the library used.
- * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
- * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- *    must display the following acknowledgement:
- *    "This product includes cryptographic software written by
- *     Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
- *    The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
- *    being used are not cryptographic related :-).
- * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from
- *    the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
- *    "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- *
- * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
- * derivative of this code cannot be changed.  i.e. this code cannot simply be
- * copied and put under another distribution licence
- * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
- */
-/* ====================================================================
- * Copyright (c) 1998-2001 The OpenSSL Project.  All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
- *    software must display the following acknowledgment:
- *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
- *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
- *
- * 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
- *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
- *    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
- *    openssl-core@openssl.org.
- *
- * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
- *    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
- *    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
- *
- * 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
- *    acknowledgment:
- *    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
- *    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
- * EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
- * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
- * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
- * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
- * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
- * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
- * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
- * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- * ====================================================================
- *
- * This product includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young
- * (eay@cryptsoft.com).  This product includes software written by Tim
- * Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
+/*
+ * Copyright 1995-2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
  *
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
+ * this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
+ * in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
  */
 
 #if !defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && defined(OPENSSL_SYS_VMS)
@@ -115,16 +14,19 @@
  */
 # define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 2
 #endif
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WIN32) && !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WINCE) && !defined(NETWARE_CLIB)
-# include <strings.h>
+#ifndef NO_SYS_TYPES_H
+# include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_POSIX_IO
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
 #endif
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <openssl/err.h>
 #include <openssl/x509.h>
 #include <openssl/x509v3.h>
@@ -139,11 +41,8 @@
 # include <openssl/rsa.h>
 #endif
 #include <openssl/bn.h>
-#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_JPAKE
-# include <openssl/jpake.h>
-#endif
 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
-
+#include "s_apps.h"
 #include "apps.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -157,47 +56,43 @@ typedef struct {
     unsigned long mask;
 } NAME_EX_TBL;
 
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_UI) || !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE)
 static UI_METHOD *ui_method = NULL;
+#endif
 
 static int set_table_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
                           const NAME_EX_TBL * in_tbl);
 static int set_multi_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
                           const NAME_EX_TBL * in_tbl);
 
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
-/* Looks like this stuff is worth moving into separate function */
-static EVP_PKEY *load_netscape_key(BIO *key, const char *file,
-                                   const char *key_descrip, int format);
-#endif
-
 int app_init(long mesgwin);
 
 int chopup_args(ARGS *arg, char *buf)
 {
     int quoted;
-    char c, *p;
+    char c = '\0', *p = NULL;
 
     arg->argc = 0;
     if (arg->size == 0) {
         arg->size = 20;
-        arg->argv = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(char *) * arg->size);
-        if (arg->argv == NULL)
-            return 0;
+        arg->argv = app_malloc(sizeof(*arg->argv) * arg->size, "argv space");
     }
 
     for (p = buf;;) {
         /* Skip whitespace. */
-        while (*p && isspace(*p))
+        while (*p && isspace(_UC(*p)))
             p++;
         if (!*p)
             break;
 
         /* The start of something good :-) */
         if (arg->argc >= arg->size) {
+            char **tmp;
             arg->size += 20;
-            arg->argv = OPENSSL_realloc(arg->argv, sizeof(char *) * arg->size);
-            if (arg->argv == NULL)
+            tmp = OPENSSL_realloc(arg->argv, sizeof(*arg->argv) * arg->size);
+            if (tmp == NULL)
                 return 0;
+            arg->argv = tmp;
         }
         quoted = *p == '\'' || *p == '"';
         if (quoted)
@@ -210,7 +105,7 @@ int chopup_args(ARGS *arg, char *buf)
                 p++;
             *p++ = '\0';
         } else {
-            while (*p && !isspace(*p))
+            while (*p && !isspace(_UC(*p)))
                 p++;
             if (*p)
                 *p++ = '\0';
@@ -227,14 +122,33 @@ int app_init(long mesgwin)
 }
 #endif
 
-int ctx_set_verify_locations(SSL_CTX *ctx,
-                             const char *CAfile, const char *CApath)
+int ctx_set_verify_locations(SSL_CTX *ctx, const char *CAfile,
+                             const char *CApath, int noCAfile, int noCApath)
 {
-    if (CAfile == NULL && CApath == NULL)
-        return SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ctx);
+    if (CAfile == NULL && CApath == NULL) {
+        if (!noCAfile && SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_file(ctx) <= 0)
+            return 0;
+        if (!noCApath && SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_dir(ctx) <= 0)
+            return 0;
+
+        return 1;
+    }
     return SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, CAfile, CApath);
 }
 
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_CT
+
+int ctx_set_ctlog_list_file(SSL_CTX *ctx, const char *path)
+{
+    if (path == NULL) {
+        return SSL_CTX_set_default_ctlog_list_file(ctx);
+    }
+
+    return SSL_CTX_set_ctlog_list_file(ctx, path);
+}
+
+#endif
+
 int dump_cert_text(BIO *out, X509 *x)
 {
     char *p;
@@ -253,6 +167,7 @@ int dump_cert_text(BIO *out, X509 *x)
     return 0;
 }
 
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_UI
 static int ui_open(UI *ui)
 {
     return UI_method_get_opener(UI_OpenSSL())(ui);
@@ -273,7 +188,11 @@ static int ui_read(UI *ui, UI_STRING *uis)
                     return 1;
                 }
             }
-        default:
+            break;
+        case UIT_NONE:
+        case UIT_BOOLEAN:
+        case UIT_INFO:
+        case UIT_ERROR:
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -293,7 +212,11 @@ static int ui_write(UI *ui, UI_STRING *uis)
                 if (password && password[0] != '\0')
                     return 1;
             }
-        default:
+            break;
+        case UIT_NONE:
+        case UIT_BOOLEAN:
+        case UIT_INFO:
+        case UIT_ERROR:
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -322,20 +245,25 @@ void destroy_ui_method(void)
         ui_method = NULL;
     }
 }
+#endif
 
 int password_callback(char *buf, int bufsiz, int verify, PW_CB_DATA *cb_tmp)
 {
-    UI *ui = NULL;
     int res = 0;
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_UI
+    UI *ui = NULL;
     const char *prompt_info = NULL;
+#endif
     const char *password = NULL;
     PW_CB_DATA *cb_data = (PW_CB_DATA *)cb_tmp;
 
     if (cb_data) {
         if (cb_data->password)
             password = cb_data->password;
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_UI
         if (cb_data->prompt_info)
             prompt_info = cb_data->prompt_info;
+#endif
     }
 
     if (password) {
@@ -346,6 +274,7 @@ int password_callback(char *buf, int bufsiz, int verify, PW_CB_DATA *cb_tmp)
         return res;
     }
 
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_UI
     ui = UI_new_method(ui_method);
     if (ui) {
         int ok = 0;
@@ -367,13 +296,7 @@ int password_callback(char *buf, int bufsiz, int verify, PW_CB_DATA *cb_tmp)
             ok = UI_add_input_string(ui, prompt, ui_flags, buf,
                                      PW_MIN_LENGTH, bufsiz - 1);
         if (ok >= 0 && verify) {
-            buff = OPENSSL_malloc(bufsiz);
-            if (!buff) {
-                BIO_printf(bio_err, "Out of memory\n");
-                UI_free(ui);
-                OPENSSL_free(prompt);
-                return 0;
-            }
+            buff = app_malloc(bufsiz, "password buffer");
             ok = UI_add_verify_string(ui, prompt, ui_flags, buff,
                                       PW_MIN_LENGTH, bufsiz - 1, buf);
         }
@@ -383,10 +306,7 @@ int password_callback(char *buf, int bufsiz, int verify, PW_CB_DATA *cb_tmp)
             }
             while (ok < 0 && UI_ctrl(ui, UI_CTRL_IS_REDOABLE, 0, 0, 0));
 
-        if (buff) {
-            OPENSSL_cleanse(buff, (unsigned int)bufsiz);
-            OPENSSL_free(buff);
-        }
+        OPENSSL_clear_free(buff, (unsigned int)bufsiz);
 
         if (ok >= 0)
             res = strlen(buf);
@@ -404,12 +324,13 @@ int password_callback(char *buf, int bufsiz, int verify, PW_CB_DATA *cb_tmp)
         UI_free(ui);
         OPENSSL_free(prompt);
     }
+#endif
     return res;
 }
 
-static char *app_get_pass(char *arg, int keepbio);
+static char *app_get_pass(const char *arg, int keepbio);
 
-int app_passwd(char *arg1, char *arg2, char **pass1, char **pass2)
+int app_passwd(const char *arg1, const char *arg2, char **pass1, char **pass2)
 {
     int same;
     if (!arg2 || !arg1 || strcmp(arg1, arg2))
@@ -431,23 +352,24 @@ int app_passwd(char *arg1, char *arg2, char **pass1, char **pass2)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static char *app_get_pass(char *arg, int keepbio)
+static char *app_get_pass(const char *arg, int keepbio)
 {
     char *tmp, tpass[APP_PASS_LEN];
     static BIO *pwdbio = NULL;
     int i;
-    if (!strncmp(arg, "pass:", 5))
-        return BUF_strdup(arg + 5);
-    if (!strncmp(arg, "env:", 4)) {
+
+    if (strncmp(arg, "pass:", 5) == 0)
+        return OPENSSL_strdup(arg + 5);
+    if (strncmp(arg, "env:", 4) == 0) {
         tmp = getenv(arg + 4);
         if (!tmp) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't read environment variable %s\n", arg + 4);
             return NULL;
         }
-        return BUF_strdup(tmp);
+        return OPENSSL_strdup(tmp);
     }
     if (!keepbio || !pwdbio) {
-        if (!strncmp(arg, "file:", 5)) {
+        if (strncmp(arg, "file:", 5) == 0) {
             pwdbio = BIO_new_file(arg + 5, "r");
             if (!pwdbio) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't open file %s\n", arg + 5);
@@ -462,7 +384,7 @@ static char *app_get_pass(char *arg, int keepbio)
              * on real Windows descriptors, such as those obtained
              * with CreateFile.
              */
-        } else if (!strncmp(arg, "fd:", 3)) {
+        } else if (strncmp(arg, "fd:", 3) == 0) {
             BIO *btmp;
             i = atoi(arg + 3);
             if (i >= 0)
@@ -477,8 +399,8 @@ static char *app_get_pass(char *arg, int keepbio)
             btmp = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
             pwdbio = BIO_push(btmp, pwdbio);
 #endif
-        } else if (!strcmp(arg, "stdin")) {
-            pwdbio = dup_bio_in();
+        } else if (strcmp(arg, "stdin") == 0) {
+            pwdbio = dup_bio_in(FORMAT_TEXT);
             if (!pwdbio) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Can't open BIO for stdin\n");
                 return NULL;
@@ -500,7 +422,73 @@ static char *app_get_pass(char *arg, int keepbio)
     tmp = strchr(tpass, '\n');
     if (tmp)
         *tmp = 0;
-    return BUF_strdup(tpass);
+    return OPENSSL_strdup(tpass);
+}
+
+static CONF *app_load_config_(BIO *in, const char *filename)
+{
+    long errorline = -1;
+    CONF *conf;
+    int i;
+
+    conf = NCONF_new(NULL);
+    i = NCONF_load_bio(conf, in, &errorline);
+    if (i > 0)
+        return conf;
+
+    if (errorline <= 0)
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Can't load config file \"%s\"\n",
+                   opt_getprog(), filename);
+    else
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Error on line %ld of config file \"%s\"\n",
+                   opt_getprog(), errorline, filename);
+    NCONF_free(conf);
+    return NULL;
+}
+CONF *app_load_config(const char *filename)
+{
+    BIO *in;
+    CONF *conf;
+
+    in = bio_open_default(filename, 'r', FORMAT_TEXT);
+    if (in == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    conf = app_load_config_(in, filename);
+    BIO_free(in);
+    return conf;
+}
+CONF *app_load_config_quiet(const char *filename)
+{
+    BIO *in;
+    CONF *conf;
+
+    in = bio_open_default_quiet(filename, 'r', FORMAT_TEXT);
+    if (in == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    conf = app_load_config_(in, filename);
+    BIO_free(in);
+    return conf;
+}
+
+int app_load_modules(const CONF *config)
+{
+    CONF *to_free = NULL;
+
+    if (config == NULL)
+        config = to_free = app_load_config_quiet(default_config_file);
+    if (config == NULL)
+        return 1;
+
+    if (CONF_modules_load(config, NULL, 0) <= 0) {
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error configuring OpenSSL modules\n");
+        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
+        NCONF_free(to_free);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    NCONF_free(to_free);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 int add_oid_section(CONF *conf)
@@ -509,11 +497,12 @@ int add_oid_section(CONF *conf)
     STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *sktmp;
     CONF_VALUE *cnf;
     int i;
-    if (!(p = NCONF_get_string(conf, NULL, "oid_section"))) {
+
+    if ((p = NCONF_get_string(conf, NULL, "oid_section")) == NULL) {
         ERR_clear_error();
         return 1;
     }
-    if (!(sktmp = NCONF_get_section(conf, p))) {
+    if ((sktmp = NCONF_get_section(conf, p)) == NULL) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "problem loading oid section %s\n", p);
         return 0;
     }
@@ -568,7 +557,8 @@ static int load_pkcs12(BIO *in, const char *desc,
     return ret;
 }
 
-int load_cert_crl_http(const char *url, X509 **pcert, X509_CRL **pcrl)
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_OCSP) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK)
+static int load_cert_crl_http(const char *url, X509 **pcert, X509_CRL **pcrl)
 {
     char *host = NULL, *port = NULL, *path = NULL;
     BIO *bio = NULL;
@@ -584,7 +574,7 @@ int load_cert_crl_http(const char *url, X509 **pcert, X509_CRL **pcrl)
     if (!bio || !BIO_set_conn_port(bio, port))
         goto err;
     rctx = OCSP_REQ_CTX_new(bio, 1024);
-    if (!rctx)
+    if (rctx == NULL)
         goto err;
     if (!OCSP_REQ_CTX_http(rctx, "GET", path))
         goto err;
@@ -601,16 +591,12 @@ int load_cert_crl_http(const char *url, X509 **pcert, X509_CRL **pcrl)
     }
 
  err:
-    if (host)
-        OPENSSL_free(host);
-    if (path)
-        OPENSSL_free(path);
-    if (port)
-        OPENSSL_free(port);
+    OPENSSL_free(host);
+    OPENSSL_free(path);
+    OPENSSL_free(port);
     if (bio)
         BIO_free_all(bio);
-    if (rctx)
-        OCSP_REQ_CTX_free(rctx);
+    OCSP_REQ_CTX_free(rctx);
     if (rv != 1) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading %s from %s\n",
                    pcert ? "certificate" : "CRL", url);
@@ -618,44 +604,31 @@ int load_cert_crl_http(const char *url, X509 **pcert, X509_CRL **pcrl)
     }
     return rv;
 }
+#endif
 
-X509 *load_cert(const char *file, int format,
-                const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *cert_descrip)
+X509 *load_cert(const char *file, int format, const char *cert_descrip)
 {
     X509 *x = NULL;
     BIO *cert;
 
     if (format == FORMAT_HTTP) {
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_OCSP) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK)
         load_cert_crl_http(file, &x, NULL);
+#endif
         return x;
     }
 
     if (file == NULL) {
         unbuffer(stdin);
-        cert = dup_bio_in();
+        cert = dup_bio_in(format);
     } else
-        cert = bio_open_default(file, RB(format));
+        cert = bio_open_default(file, 'r', format);
     if (cert == NULL)
         goto end;
 
     if (format == FORMAT_ASN1)
         x = d2i_X509_bio(cert, NULL);
-    else if (format == FORMAT_NETSCAPE) {
-        NETSCAPE_X509 *nx;
-        nx = ASN1_item_d2i_bio(ASN1_ITEM_rptr(NETSCAPE_X509), cert, NULL);
-        if (nx == NULL)
-            goto end;
-
-        if ((strncmp(NETSCAPE_CERT_HDR, (char *)nx->header->data,
-                     nx->header->length) != 0)) {
-            NETSCAPE_X509_free(nx);
-            BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error reading header on certificate\n");
-            goto end;
-        }
-        x = nx->cert;
-        nx->cert = NULL;
-        NETSCAPE_X509_free(nx);
-    } else if (format == FORMAT_PEM)
+    else if (format == FORMAT_PEM)
         x = PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(cert, NULL,
                                   (pem_password_cb *)password_callback, NULL);
     else if (format == FORMAT_PKCS12) {
@@ -670,8 +643,7 @@ X509 *load_cert(const char *file, int format,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to load certificate\n");
         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
     }
-    if (cert != NULL)
-        BIO_free(cert);
+    BIO_free(cert);
     return (x);
 }
 
@@ -681,11 +653,13 @@ X509_CRL *load_crl(const char *infile, int format)
     BIO *in = NULL;
 
     if (format == FORMAT_HTTP) {
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_OCSP) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK)
         load_cert_crl_http(infile, NULL, &x);
+#endif
         return x;
     }
 
-    in = bio_open_default(infile, RB(format));
+    in = bio_open_default(infile, 'r', format);
     if (in == NULL)
         goto end;
     if (format == FORMAT_ASN1)
@@ -721,25 +695,30 @@ EVP_PKEY *load_key(const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "no keyfile specified\n");
         goto end;
     }
-#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
     if (format == FORMAT_ENGINE) {
-        if (!e)
+        if (e == NULL)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "no engine specified\n");
         else {
-            pkey = ENGINE_load_private_key(e, file, ui_method, &cb_data);
-            if (!pkey) {
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
+            if (ENGINE_init(e)) {
+                pkey = ENGINE_load_private_key(e, file, ui_method, &cb_data);
+                ENGINE_finish(e);
+            }
+            if (pkey == NULL) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "cannot load %s from engine\n", key_descrip);
                 ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
             }
+#else
+            BIO_printf(bio_err, "engines not supported\n");
+#endif
         }
         goto end;
     }
-#endif
     if (file == NULL && maybe_stdin) {
         unbuffer(stdin);
-        key = dup_bio_in();
+        key = dup_bio_in(format);
     } else
-        key = bio_open_default(file, RB(format));
+        key = bio_open_default(file, 'r', format);
     if (key == NULL)
         goto end;
     if (format == FORMAT_ASN1) {
@@ -749,10 +728,6 @@ EVP_PKEY *load_key(const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
                                        (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
                                        &cb_data);
     }
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
-    else if (format == FORMAT_NETSCAPE)
-        pkey = load_netscape_key(key, file, key_descrip, format);
-#endif
     else if (format == FORMAT_PKCS12) {
         if (!load_pkcs12(key, key_descrip,
                          (pem_password_cb *)password_callback, &cb_data,
@@ -771,8 +746,7 @@ EVP_PKEY *load_key(const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
         goto end;
     }
  end:
-    if (key != NULL)
-        BIO_free(key);
+    BIO_free(key);
     if (pkey == NULL) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to load %s\n", key_descrip);
         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
@@ -780,13 +754,6 @@ EVP_PKEY *load_key(const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
     return (pkey);
 }
 
-static const char *key_file_format(int format)
-{
-    if (format == FORMAT_PEM || format == FORMAT_PEMRSA)
-        return "r";
-    return "rb";
-}
-
 EVP_PKEY *load_pubkey(const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
                       const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *key_descrip)
 {
@@ -801,114 +768,81 @@ EVP_PKEY *load_pubkey(const char *file, int format, int maybe_stdin,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "no keyfile specified\n");
         goto end;
     }
-#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
     if (format == FORMAT_ENGINE) {
-        if (!e)
+        if (e == NULL)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "no engine specified\n");
-        else
+        else {
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
             pkey = ENGINE_load_public_key(e, file, ui_method, &cb_data);
+            if (pkey == NULL) {
+                BIO_printf(bio_err, "cannot load %s from engine\n", key_descrip);
+                ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
+            }
+#else
+            BIO_printf(bio_err, "engines not supported\n");
+#endif
+        }
         goto end;
     }
-#endif
     if (file == NULL && maybe_stdin) {
         unbuffer(stdin);
-        key = dup_bio_in();
+        key = dup_bio_in(format);
     } else
-        key = bio_open_default(file, key_file_format(format));
+        key = bio_open_default(file, 'r', format);
     if (key == NULL)
         goto end;
     if (format == FORMAT_ASN1) {
         pkey = d2i_PUBKEY_bio(key, NULL);
     }
-#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
     else if (format == FORMAT_ASN1RSA) {
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
         RSA *rsa;
         rsa = d2i_RSAPublicKey_bio(key, NULL);
         if (rsa) {
             pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
-            if (pkey)
+            if (pkey != NULL)
                 EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, rsa);
             RSA_free(rsa);
         } else
+#else
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "RSA keys not supported\n");
+#endif
             pkey = NULL;
     } else if (format == FORMAT_PEMRSA) {
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RSA
         RSA *rsa;
         rsa = PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(key, NULL,
                                         (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
                                         &cb_data);
-        if (rsa) {
+        if (rsa != NULL) {
             pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
-            if (pkey)
+            if (pkey != NULL)
                 EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, rsa);
             RSA_free(rsa);
         } else
+#else
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "RSA keys not supported\n");
+#endif
             pkey = NULL;
     }
-#endif
     else if (format == FORMAT_PEM) {
         pkey = PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(key, NULL,
                                    (pem_password_cb *)password_callback,
                                    &cb_data);
     }
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
-    else if (format == FORMAT_NETSCAPE)
-        pkey = load_netscape_key(key, file, key_descrip, format);
-#endif
 #if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DSA)
     else if (format == FORMAT_MSBLOB)
         pkey = b2i_PublicKey_bio(key);
 #endif
  end:
-    if (key != NULL)
-        BIO_free(key);
+    BIO_free(key);
     if (pkey == NULL)
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to load %s\n", key_descrip);
     return (pkey);
 }
 
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RC4) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_RSA)
-static EVP_PKEY *load_netscape_key(BIO *key, const char *file,
-                                   const char *key_descrip, int format)
-{
-    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    BUF_MEM *buf;
-    RSA *rsa;
-    const unsigned char *p;
-    int size, i;
-
-    buf = BUF_MEM_new();
-    pkey = EVP_PKEY_new();
-    size = 0;
-    if (buf == NULL || pkey == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    for (;;) {
-        if (!BUF_MEM_grow_clean(buf, size + 1024 * 10))
-            goto error;
-        i = BIO_read(key, &(buf->data[size]), 1024 * 10);
-        size += i;
-        if (i == 0)
-            break;
-        if (i < 0) {
-            BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error reading %s %s", key_descrip, file);
-            goto error;
-        }
-    }
-    p = (unsigned char *)buf->data;
-    rsa = d2i_RSA_NET(NULL, &p, (long)size, NULL, 0);
-    if (rsa == NULL)
-        goto error;
-    BUF_MEM_free(buf);
-    EVP_PKEY_set1_RSA(pkey, rsa);
-    return pkey;
- error:
-    BUF_MEM_free(buf);
-    EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-    return NULL;
-}
-#endif                          /* ndef OPENSSL_NO_RC4 */
-
 static int load_certs_crls(const char *file, int format,
-                           const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *desc,
+                           const char *pass, const char *desc,
                            STACK_OF(X509) **pcerts,
                            STACK_OF(X509_CRL) **pcrls)
 {
@@ -927,7 +861,7 @@ static int load_certs_crls(const char *file, int format,
         return 0;
     }
 
-    bio = bio_open_default(file, "r");
+    bio = bio_open_default(file, 'r', FORMAT_PEM);
     if (bio == NULL)
         return 0;
 
@@ -937,13 +871,13 @@ static int load_certs_crls(const char *file, int format,
 
     BIO_free(bio);
 
-    if (pcerts) {
+    if (pcerts && *pcerts == NULL) {
         *pcerts = sk_X509_new_null();
         if (!*pcerts)
             goto end;
     }
 
-    if (pcrls) {
+    if (pcrls && *pcrls == NULL) {
         *pcrls = sk_X509_CRL_new_null();
         if (!*pcrls)
             goto end;
@@ -971,8 +905,7 @@ static int load_certs_crls(const char *file, int format,
 
  end:
 
-    if (xis)
-        sk_X509_INFO_pop_free(xis, X509_INFO_free);
+    sk_X509_INFO_pop_free(xis, X509_INFO_free);
 
     if (rv == 0) {
         if (pcerts) {
@@ -990,22 +923,35 @@ static int load_certs_crls(const char *file, int format,
     return rv;
 }
 
-STACK_OF(X509) *load_certs(const char *file, int format,
-                           const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *desc)
+void* app_malloc(int sz, const char *what)
 {
-    STACK_OF(X509) *certs;
-    if (!load_certs_crls(file, format, pass, e, desc, &certs, NULL))
-        return NULL;
-    return certs;
+    void *vp = OPENSSL_malloc(sz);
+
+    if (vp == NULL) {
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Could not allocate %d bytes for %s\n",
+                opt_getprog(), sz, what);
+        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    return vp;
 }
 
-STACK_OF(X509_CRL) *load_crls(const char *file, int format,
-                              const char *pass, ENGINE *e, const char *desc)
+/*
+ * Initialize or extend, if *certs != NULL, a certificate stack.
+ */
+int load_certs(const char *file, STACK_OF(X509) **certs, int format,
+               const char *pass, const char *desc)
 {
-    STACK_OF(X509_CRL) *crls;
-    if (!load_certs_crls(file, format, pass, e, desc, NULL, &crls))
-        return NULL;
-    return crls;
+    return load_certs_crls(file, format, pass, desc, certs, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize or extend, if *crls != NULL, a certificate stack.
+ */
+int load_crls(const char *file, STACK_OF(X509_CRL) **crls, int format,
+              const char *pass, const char *desc)
+{
+    return load_certs_crls(file, format, pass, desc, NULL, crls);
 }
 
 #define X509V3_EXT_UNKNOWN_MASK         (0xfL << 16)
@@ -1051,6 +997,7 @@ int set_name_ex(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg)
 {
     static const NAME_EX_TBL ex_tbl[] = {
         {"esc_2253", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2253, 0},
+        {"esc_2254", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_2254, 0},
         {"esc_ctrl", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_CTRL, 0},
         {"esc_msb", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB, 0},
         {"use_quote", ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_QUOTE, 0},
@@ -1079,16 +1026,20 @@ int set_name_ex(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg)
         {"ca_default", XN_FLAG_MULTILINE, 0xffffffffL},
         {NULL, 0, 0}
     };
-    return set_multi_opts(flags, arg, ex_tbl);
+    if (set_multi_opts(flags, arg, ex_tbl) == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if ((*flags & XN_FLAG_SEP_MASK) == 0)
+        *flags |= XN_FLAG_SEP_CPLUS_SPC;
+    return 1;
 }
 
 int set_ext_copy(int *copy_type, const char *arg)
 {
-    if (!strcasecmp(arg, "none"))
+    if (strcasecmp(arg, "none") == 0)
         *copy_type = EXT_COPY_NONE;
-    else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "copy"))
+    else if (strcasecmp(arg, "copy") == 0)
         *copy_type = EXT_COPY_ADD;
-    else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "copyall"))
+    else if (strcasecmp(arg, "copyall") == 0)
         *copy_type = EXT_COPY_ALL;
     else
         return 0;
@@ -1170,7 +1121,7 @@ static int set_table_opts(unsigned long *flags, const char *arg,
         c = 1;
 
     for (ptbl = in_tbl; ptbl->name; ptbl++) {
-        if (!strcasecmp(arg, ptbl->name)) {
+        if (strcasecmp(arg, ptbl->name) == 0) {
             *flags &= ~ptbl->mask;
             if (c)
                 *flags |= ptbl->flag;
@@ -1208,7 +1159,7 @@ void print_name(BIO *out, const char *title, X509_NAME *nm,
     }
 }
 
-void print_bignum_var(BIO *out, BIGNUM *in, const char *var,
+void print_bignum_var(BIO *out, const BIGNUM *in, const char *var,
                       int len, unsigned char *buffer)
 {
     BIO_printf(out, "    static unsigned char %s_%d[] = {", var, len);
@@ -1245,34 +1196,39 @@ void print_array(BIO *out, const char* title, int len, const unsigned char* d)
     BIO_printf(out, "\n};\n");
 }
 
-X509_STORE *setup_verify(char *CAfile, char *CApath)
+X509_STORE *setup_verify(const char *CAfile, const char *CApath, int noCAfile, int noCApath)
 {
     X509_STORE *store = X509_STORE_new();
     X509_LOOKUP *lookup;
 
-    if (!store)
+    if (store == NULL)
         goto end;
-    lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_file());
-    if (lookup == NULL)
-        goto end;
-    if (CAfile) {
-        if (!X509_LOOKUP_load_file(lookup, CAfile, X509_FILETYPE_PEM)) {
-            BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading file %s\n", CAfile);
+
+    if (CAfile != NULL || !noCAfile) {
+        lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_file());
+        if (lookup == NULL)
             goto end;
-        }
-    } else
-        X509_LOOKUP_load_file(lookup, NULL, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT);
+        if (CAfile) {
+            if (!X509_LOOKUP_load_file(lookup, CAfile, X509_FILETYPE_PEM)) {
+                BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading file %s\n", CAfile);
+                goto end;
+            }
+        } else
+            X509_LOOKUP_load_file(lookup, NULL, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT);
+    }
 
-    lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir());
-    if (lookup == NULL)
-        goto end;
-    if (CApath) {
-        if (!X509_LOOKUP_add_dir(lookup, CApath, X509_FILETYPE_PEM)) {
-            BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading directory %s\n", CApath);
+    if (CApath != NULL || !noCApath) {
+        lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir());
+        if (lookup == NULL)
             goto end;
-        }
-    } else
-        X509_LOOKUP_add_dir(lookup, NULL, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT);
+        if (CApath) {
+            if (!X509_LOOKUP_add_dir(lookup, CApath, X509_FILETYPE_PEM)) {
+                BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error loading directory %s\n", CApath);
+                goto end;
+            }
+        } else
+            X509_LOOKUP_add_dir(lookup, NULL, X509_FILETYPE_DEFAULT);
+    }
 
     ERR_clear_error();
     return store;
@@ -1283,7 +1239,7 @@ X509_STORE *setup_verify(char *CAfile, char *CApath)
 
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
 /* Try to load an engine in a shareable library */
-static ENGINE *try_load_engine(const char *engine, int debug)
+static ENGINE *try_load_engine(const char *engine)
 {
     ENGINE *e = ENGINE_by_id("dynamic");
     if (e) {
@@ -1307,7 +1263,7 @@ ENGINE *setup_engine(const char *engine, int debug)
             return NULL;
         }
         if ((e = ENGINE_by_id(engine)) == NULL
-            && (e = try_load_engine(engine, debug)) == NULL) {
+            && (e = try_load_engine(engine)) == NULL) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "invalid engine \"%s\"\n", engine);
             ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
             return NULL;
@@ -1324,14 +1280,20 @@ ENGINE *setup_engine(const char *engine, int debug)
         }
 
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "engine \"%s\" set.\n", ENGINE_get_id(e));
-
-        /* Free our "structural" reference. */
-        ENGINE_free(e);
     }
     return e;
 }
 #endif
 
+void release_engine(ENGINE *e)
+{
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
+    if (e != NULL)
+        /* Free our "structural" reference. */
+        ENGINE_free(e);
+#endif
+}
+
 static unsigned long index_serial_hash(const OPENSSL_CSTRING *a)
 {
     const char *n;
@@ -1339,7 +1301,7 @@ static unsigned long index_serial_hash(const OPENSSL_CSTRING *a)
     n = a[DB_serial];
     while (*n == '0')
         n++;
-    return (lh_strhash(n));
+    return OPENSSL_LH_strhash(n);
 }
 
 static int index_serial_cmp(const OPENSSL_CSTRING *a,
@@ -1359,7 +1321,7 @@ static int index_name_qual(char **a)
 
 static unsigned long index_name_hash(const OPENSSL_CSTRING *a)
 {
-    return (lh_strhash(a[DB_name]));
+    return OPENSSL_LH_strhash(a[DB_name]);
 }
 
 int index_name_cmp(const OPENSSL_CSTRING *a, const OPENSSL_CSTRING *b)
@@ -1373,7 +1335,7 @@ static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_HASH_FN(index_name, OPENSSL_CSTRING)
 static IMPLEMENT_LHASH_COMP_FN(index_name, OPENSSL_CSTRING)
 #undef BSIZE
 #define BSIZE 256
-BIGNUM *load_serial(char *serialfile, int create, ASN1_INTEGER **retai)
+BIGNUM *load_serial(const char *serialfile, int create, ASN1_INTEGER **retai)
 {
     BIO *in = NULL;
     BIGNUM *ret = NULL;
@@ -1414,12 +1376,11 @@ BIGNUM *load_serial(char *serialfile, int create, ASN1_INTEGER **retai)
     }
  err:
     BIO_free(in);
-    if (ai != NULL)
-        ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
+    ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
     return (ret);
 }
 
-int save_serial(char *serialfile, char *suffix, BIGNUM *serial,
+int save_serial(const char *serialfile, const char *suffix, const BIGNUM *serial,
                 ASN1_INTEGER **retai)
 {
     char buf[1][BSIZE];
@@ -1438,7 +1399,7 @@ int save_serial(char *serialfile, char *suffix, BIGNUM *serial,
     }
 
     if (suffix == NULL)
-        BUF_strlcpy(buf[0], serialfile, BSIZE);
+        OPENSSL_strlcpy(buf[0], serialfile, BSIZE);
     else {
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
         j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", serialfile, suffix);
@@ -1446,9 +1407,6 @@ int save_serial(char *serialfile, char *suffix, BIGNUM *serial,
         j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", serialfile, suffix);
 #endif
     }
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: writing \"%s\"\n", buf[0]);
-#endif
     out = BIO_new_file(buf[0], "w");
     if (out == NULL) {
         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
@@ -1468,14 +1426,14 @@ int save_serial(char *serialfile, char *suffix, BIGNUM *serial,
     }
  err:
     BIO_free_all(out);
-    if (ai != NULL)
-        ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
+    ASN1_INTEGER_free(ai);
     return (ret);
 }
 
-int rotate_serial(char *serialfile, char *new_suffix, char *old_suffix)
+int rotate_serial(const char *serialfile, const char *new_suffix,
+                  const char *old_suffix)
 {
-    char buf[5][BSIZE];
+    char buf[2][BSIZE];
     int i, j;
 
     i = strlen(serialfile) + strlen(old_suffix);
@@ -1488,17 +1446,10 @@ int rotate_serial(char *serialfile, char *new_suffix, char *old_suffix)
     }
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", serialfile, new_suffix);
-#else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", serialfile, new_suffix);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s.%s", serialfile, old_suffix);
 #else
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", serialfile, new_suffix);
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-%s", serialfile, old_suffix);
-#endif
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
-               serialfile, buf[1]);
 #endif
     if (rename(serialfile, buf[1]) < 0 && errno != ENOENT
 #ifdef ENOTDIR
@@ -1510,10 +1461,6 @@ int rotate_serial(char *serialfile, char *new_suffix, char *old_suffix)
         perror("reason");
         goto err;
     }
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n",
-               buf[0], serialfile);
-#endif
     if (rename(buf[0], serialfile) < 0) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err,
                    "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[0], serialfile);
@@ -1530,12 +1477,13 @@ int rand_serial(BIGNUM *b, ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
 {
     BIGNUM *btmp;
     int ret = 0;
+
     if (b)
         btmp = b;
     else
         btmp = BN_new();
 
-    if (!btmp)
+    if (btmp == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     if (!BN_pseudo_rand(btmp, SERIAL_RAND_BITS, 0, 0))
@@ -1547,20 +1495,19 @@ int rand_serial(BIGNUM *b, ASN1_INTEGER *ai)
 
  error:
 
-    if (!b)
+    if (btmp != b)
         BN_free(btmp);
 
     return ret;
 }
 
-CA_DB *load_index(char *dbfile, DB_ATTR *db_attr)
+CA_DB *load_index(const char *dbfile, DB_ATTR *db_attr)
 {
     CA_DB *retdb = NULL;
     TXT_DB *tmpdb = NULL;
     BIO *in;
     CONF *dbattr_conf = NULL;
-    char buf[1][BSIZE];
-    long errorline = -1;
+    char buf[BSIZE];
 
     in = BIO_new_file(dbfile, "r");
     if (in == NULL) {
@@ -1571,28 +1518,13 @@ CA_DB *load_index(char *dbfile, DB_ATTR *db_attr)
         goto err;
 
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-    BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.attr", dbfile);
+    BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s.attr", dbfile);
 #else
-    BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-attr", dbfile);
+    BIO_snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s-attr", dbfile);
 #endif
-    dbattr_conf = NCONF_new(NULL);
-    if (NCONF_load(dbattr_conf, buf[0], &errorline) <= 0) {
-        if (errorline > 0) {
-            BIO_printf(bio_err,
-                       "error on line %ld of db attribute file '%s'\n",
-                       errorline, buf[0]);
-            goto err;
-        } else {
-            NCONF_free(dbattr_conf);
-            dbattr_conf = NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ((retdb = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(CA_DB))) == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");
-        goto err;
-    }
+    dbattr_conf = app_load_config(buf);
 
+    retdb = app_malloc(sizeof(*retdb), "new DB");
     retdb->db = tmpdb;
     tmpdb = NULL;
     if (db_attr)
@@ -1604,19 +1536,13 @@ CA_DB *load_index(char *dbfile, DB_ATTR *db_attr)
     if (dbattr_conf) {
         char *p = NCONF_get_string(dbattr_conf, NULL, "unique_subject");
         if (p) {
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-            BIO_printf(bio_err,
-                       "DEBUG[load_index]: unique_subject = \"%s\"\n", p);
-#endif
             retdb->attributes.unique_subject = parse_yesno(p, 1);
         }
     }
 
  err:
-    if (dbattr_conf)
-        NCONF_free(dbattr_conf);
-    if (tmpdb)
-        TXT_DB_free(tmpdb);
+    NCONF_free(dbattr_conf);
+    TXT_DB_free(tmpdb);
     BIO_free_all(in);
     return retdb;
 }
@@ -1656,21 +1582,12 @@ int save_index(const char *dbfile, const char *suffix, CA_DB *db)
     }
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s.attr", dbfile);
-#else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s-attr", dbfile);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, suffix);
-#else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, suffix);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", dbfile, suffix);
 #else
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s-attr", dbfile);
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, suffix);
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", dbfile, suffix);
-#endif
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: writing \"%s\"\n", buf[0]);
 #endif
     out = BIO_new_file(buf[0], "w");
     if (out == NULL) {
@@ -1684,9 +1601,6 @@ int save_index(const char *dbfile, const char *suffix, CA_DB *db)
         goto err;
 
     out = BIO_new_file(buf[1], "w");
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: writing \"%s\"\n", buf[1]);
-#endif
     if (out == NULL) {
         perror(buf[2]);
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to open '%s'\n", buf[2]);
@@ -1717,31 +1631,16 @@ int rotate_index(const char *dbfile, const char *new_suffix,
     }
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[4], sizeof buf[4], "%s.attr", dbfile);
-#else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[4], sizeof buf[4], "%s-attr", dbfile);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[3], sizeof buf[3], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
-#else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
-#else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s.%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s.%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
 #else
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
-#endif
-#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[3], sizeof buf[3], "%s.attr.%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
-#else
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[4], sizeof buf[4], "%s-attr", dbfile);
     j = BIO_snprintf(buf[3], sizeof buf[3], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
-#endif
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", dbfile, buf[1]);
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[2], sizeof buf[2], "%s-attr-%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[1], sizeof buf[1], "%s-%s", dbfile, old_suffix);
+    j = BIO_snprintf(buf[0], sizeof buf[0], "%s-%s", dbfile, new_suffix);
 #endif
     if (rename(dbfile, buf[1]) < 0 && errno != ENOENT
 #ifdef ENOTDIR
@@ -1752,18 +1651,12 @@ int rotate_index(const char *dbfile, const char *new_suffix,
         perror("reason");
         goto err;
     }
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", buf[0], dbfile);
-#endif
     if (rename(buf[0], dbfile) < 0) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[0], dbfile);
         perror("reason");
         rename(buf[1], dbfile);
         goto err;
     }
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", buf[4], buf[3]);
-#endif
     if (rename(buf[4], buf[3]) < 0 && errno != ENOENT
 #ifdef ENOTDIR
         && errno != ENOTDIR
@@ -1775,9 +1668,6 @@ int rotate_index(const char *dbfile, const char *new_suffix,
         rename(buf[1], dbfile);
         goto err;
     }
-#ifdef RL_DEBUG
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "DEBUG: renaming \"%s\" to \"%s\"\n", buf[2], buf[4]);
-#endif
     if (rename(buf[2], buf[4]) < 0) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "unable to rename %s to %s\n", buf[2], buf[4]);
         perror("reason");
@@ -1794,8 +1684,7 @@ int rotate_index(const char *dbfile, const char *new_suffix,
 void free_index(CA_DB *db)
 {
     if (db) {
-        if (db->db)
-            TXT_DB_free(db->db);
+        TXT_DB_free(db->db);
         OPENSSL_free(db);
     }
 }
@@ -1913,8 +1802,9 @@ int bio_to_mem(unsigned char **out, int maxlen, BIO *in)
     BIO *mem;
     int len, ret;
     unsigned char tbuf[1024];
+
     mem = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
-    if (!mem)
+    if (mem == NULL)
         return -1;
     for (;;) {
         if ((maxlen != -1) && maxlen < 1024)
@@ -1922,7 +1812,11 @@ int bio_to_mem(unsigned char **out, int maxlen, BIO *in)
         else
             len = 1024;
         len = BIO_read(in, tbuf, len);
-        if (len <= 0)
+        if (len < 0) {
+            BIO_free(mem);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (len == 0)
             break;
         if (BIO_write(mem, tbuf, len) != len) {
             BIO_free(mem);
@@ -1939,11 +1833,11 @@ int bio_to_mem(unsigned char **out, int maxlen, BIO *in)
     return ret;
 }
 
-int pkey_ctrl_string(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx, char *value)
+int pkey_ctrl_string(EVP_PKEY_CTX *ctx, const char *value)
 {
     int rv;
     char *stmp, *vtmp = NULL;
-    stmp = BUF_strdup(value);
+    stmp = OPENSSL_strdup(value);
     if (!stmp)
         return -1;
     vtmp = strchr(stmp, ':');
@@ -1986,244 +1880,16 @@ void policies_print(X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
     nodes_print("User", X509_policy_tree_get0_user_policies(tree));
 }
 
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_JPAKE) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_PSK)
-
-static JPAKE_CTX *jpake_init(const char *us, const char *them,
-                             const char *secret)
-{
-    BIGNUM *p = NULL;
-    BIGNUM *g = NULL;
-    BIGNUM *q = NULL;
-    BIGNUM *bnsecret = BN_new();
-    JPAKE_CTX *ctx;
-
-    /* Use a safe prime for p (that we found earlier) */
-    BN_hex2bn(&p,
-              "F9E5B365665EA7A05A9C534502780FEE6F1AB5BD4F49947FD036DBD7E905269AF46EF28B0FC07487EE4F5D20FB3C0AF8E700F3A2FA3414970CBED44FEDFF80CE78D800F184BB82435D137AADA2C6C16523247930A63B85661D1FC817A51ACD96168E95898A1F83A79FFB529368AA7833ABD1B0C3AEDDB14D2E1A2F71D99F763F");
-    g = BN_new();
-    BN_set_word(g, 2);
-    q = BN_new();
-    BN_rshift1(q, p);
-
-    BN_bin2bn((const unsigned char *)secret, strlen(secret), bnsecret);
-
-    ctx = JPAKE_CTX_new(us, them, p, g, q, bnsecret);
-    BN_free(bnsecret);
-    BN_free(q);
-    BN_free(g);
-    BN_free(p);
-
-    return ctx;
-}
-
-static void jpake_send_part(BIO *conn, const JPAKE_STEP_PART *p)
-{
-    BN_print(conn, p->gx);
-    BIO_puts(conn, "\n");
-    BN_print(conn, p->zkpx.gr);
-    BIO_puts(conn, "\n");
-    BN_print(conn, p->zkpx.b);
-    BIO_puts(conn, "\n");
-}
-
-static void jpake_send_step1(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP1 s1;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP1_init(&s1);
-    JPAKE_STEP1_generate(&s1, ctx);
-    jpake_send_part(bconn, &s1.p1);
-    jpake_send_part(bconn, &s1.p2);
-    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
-    JPAKE_STEP1_release(&s1);
-}
-
-static void jpake_send_step2(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP2 s2;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP2_init(&s2);
-    JPAKE_STEP2_generate(&s2, ctx);
-    jpake_send_part(bconn, &s2);
-    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
-    JPAKE_STEP2_release(&s2);
-}
-
-static void jpake_send_step3a(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP3A s3a;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP3A_init(&s3a);
-    JPAKE_STEP3A_generate(&s3a, ctx);
-    BIO_write(bconn, s3a.hhk, sizeof s3a.hhk);
-    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
-    JPAKE_STEP3A_release(&s3a);
-}
-
-static void jpake_send_step3b(BIO *bconn, JPAKE_CTX *ctx)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP3B s3b;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP3B_init(&s3b);
-    JPAKE_STEP3B_generate(&s3b, ctx);
-    BIO_write(bconn, s3b.hk, sizeof s3b.hk);
-    (void)BIO_flush(bconn);
-    JPAKE_STEP3B_release(&s3b);
-}
-
-static void readbn(BIGNUM **bn, BIO *bconn)
-{
-    char buf[10240];
-    int l;
-
-    l = BIO_gets(bconn, buf, sizeof buf);
-    assert(l > 0);
-    assert(buf[l - 1] == '\n');
-    buf[l - 1] = '\0';
-    BN_hex2bn(bn, buf);
-}
-
-static void jpake_receive_part(JPAKE_STEP_PART *p, BIO *bconn)
-{
-    readbn(&p->gx, bconn);
-    readbn(&p->zkpx.gr, bconn);
-    readbn(&p->zkpx.b, bconn);
-}
-
-static void jpake_receive_step1(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP1 s1;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP1_init(&s1);
-    jpake_receive_part(&s1.p1, bconn);
-    jpake_receive_part(&s1.p2, bconn);
-    if (!JPAKE_STEP1_process(ctx, &s1)) {
-        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    JPAKE_STEP1_release(&s1);
-}
-
-static void jpake_receive_step2(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP2 s2;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP2_init(&s2);
-    jpake_receive_part(&s2, bconn);
-    if (!JPAKE_STEP2_process(ctx, &s2)) {
-        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    JPAKE_STEP2_release(&s2);
-}
-
-static void jpake_receive_step3a(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP3A s3a;
-    int l;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP3A_init(&s3a);
-    l = BIO_read(bconn, s3a.hhk, sizeof s3a.hhk);
-    assert(l == sizeof s3a.hhk);
-    if (!JPAKE_STEP3A_process(ctx, &s3a)) {
-        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    JPAKE_STEP3A_release(&s3a);
-}
-
-static void jpake_receive_step3b(JPAKE_CTX *ctx, BIO *bconn)
-{
-    JPAKE_STEP3B s3b;
-    int l;
-
-    JPAKE_STEP3B_init(&s3b);
-    l = BIO_read(bconn, s3b.hk, sizeof s3b.hk);
-    assert(l == sizeof s3b.hk);
-    if (!JPAKE_STEP3B_process(ctx, &s3b)) {
-        ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    JPAKE_STEP3B_release(&s3b);
-}
-
-void jpake_client_auth(BIO *out, BIO *conn, const char *secret)
-{
-    JPAKE_CTX *ctx;
-    BIO *bconn;
-
-    BIO_puts(out, "Authenticating with JPAKE\n");
-
-    ctx = jpake_init("client", "server", secret);
-
-    bconn = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
-    BIO_push(bconn, conn);
-
-    jpake_send_step1(bconn, ctx);
-    jpake_receive_step1(ctx, bconn);
-    jpake_send_step2(bconn, ctx);
-    jpake_receive_step2(ctx, bconn);
-    jpake_send_step3a(bconn, ctx);
-    jpake_receive_step3b(ctx, bconn);
-
-    BIO_puts(out, "JPAKE authentication succeeded, setting PSK\n");
-
-    if (psk_key)
-        OPENSSL_free(psk_key);
-
-    psk_key = BN_bn2hex(JPAKE_get_shared_key(ctx));
-
-    BIO_pop(bconn);
-    BIO_free(bconn);
-
-    JPAKE_CTX_free(ctx);
-}
-
-void jpake_server_auth(BIO *out, BIO *conn, const char *secret)
-{
-    JPAKE_CTX *ctx;
-    BIO *bconn;
-
-    BIO_puts(out, "Authenticating with JPAKE\n");
-
-    ctx = jpake_init("server", "client", secret);
-
-    bconn = BIO_new(BIO_f_buffer());
-    BIO_push(bconn, conn);
-
-    jpake_receive_step1(ctx, bconn);
-    jpake_send_step1(bconn, ctx);
-    jpake_receive_step2(ctx, bconn);
-    jpake_send_step2(bconn, ctx);
-    jpake_receive_step3a(ctx, bconn);
-    jpake_send_step3b(bconn, ctx);
-
-    BIO_puts(out, "JPAKE authentication succeeded, setting PSK\n");
-
-    if (psk_key)
-        OPENSSL_free(psk_key);
-
-    psk_key = BN_bn2hex(JPAKE_get_shared_key(ctx));
-
-    BIO_pop(bconn);
-    BIO_free(bconn);
-
-    JPAKE_CTX_free(ctx);
-}
-
-#endif
-
-#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT
 /*-
  * next_protos_parse parses a comma separated list of strings into a string
  * in a format suitable for passing to SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised.
  *   outlen: (output) set to the length of the resulting buffer on success.
  *   err: (maybe NULL) on failure, an error message line is written to this BIO.
- *   in: a NUL termianted string like "abc,def,ghi"
+ *   in: a NUL terminated string like "abc,def,ghi"
  *
- *   returns: a malloced buffer or NULL on failure.
+ *   returns: a malloc'd buffer or NULL on failure.
  */
-unsigned char *next_protos_parse(unsigned short *outlen, const char *in)
+unsigned char *next_protos_parse(size_t *outlen, const char *in)
 {
     size_t len;
     unsigned char *out;
@@ -2233,10 +1899,7 @@ unsigned char *next_protos_parse(unsigned short *outlen, const char *in)
     if (len >= 65535)
         return NULL;
 
-    out = OPENSSL_malloc(strlen(in) + 1);
-    if (!out)
-        return NULL;
-
+    out = app_malloc(strlen(in) + 1, "NPN buffer");
     for (i = 0; i <= len; ++i) {
         if (i == len || in[i] == ',') {
             if (i - start > 255) {
@@ -2252,7 +1915,6 @@ unsigned char *next_protos_parse(unsigned short *outlen, const char *in)
     *outlen = len + 1;
     return out;
 }
-#endif                          /* ndef OPENSSL_NO_TLSEXT */
 
 void print_cert_checks(BIO *bio, X509 *x,
                        const char *checkhost,
@@ -2294,8 +1956,8 @@ static const char *get_dp_url(DIST_POINT *dp)
         gen = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(gens, i);
         uri = GENERAL_NAME_get0_value(gen, &gtype);
         if (gtype == GEN_URI && ASN1_STRING_length(uri) > 6) {
-            char *uptr = (char *)ASN1_STRING_data(uri);
-            if (!strncmp(uptr, "http://", 7))
+            const char *uptr = (const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(uri);
+            if (strncmp(uptr, "http://", 7) == 0)
                 return uptr;
         }
     }
@@ -2340,8 +2002,10 @@ static STACK_OF(X509_CRL) *crls_http_cb(X509_STORE_CTX *ctx, X509_NAME *nm)
     crldp = X509_get_ext_d2i(x, NID_crl_distribution_points, NULL, NULL);
     crl = load_crl_crldp(crldp);
     sk_DIST_POINT_pop_free(crldp, DIST_POINT_free);
-    if (!crl)
+    if (!crl) {
+        sk_X509_CRL_free(crls);
         return NULL;
+    }
     sk_X509_CRL_push(crls, crl);
     /* Try to download delta CRL */
     crldp = X509_get_ext_d2i(x, NID_freshest_crl, NULL, NULL);
@@ -2381,7 +2045,7 @@ static int WIN32_rename(const char *from, const char *to)
     } else {                    /* UNICODE path */
 
         size_t i, flen = strlen(from) + 1, tlen = strlen(to) + 1;
-        tfrom = (TCHAR *)malloc(sizeof(TCHAR) * (flen + tlen));
+        tfrom = malloc(sizeof(*tfrom) * (flen + tlen));
         if (tfrom == NULL)
             goto err;
         tto = tfrom + flen;
@@ -2470,30 +2134,6 @@ double app_tminterval(int stop, int usertime)
 
     return (ret);
 }
-#elif defined(OPENSSL_SYS_NETWARE)
-# include <time.h>
-
-double app_tminterval(int stop, int usertime)
-{
-    static clock_t tmstart;
-    static int warning = 1;
-    double ret = 0;
-
-    if (usertime && warning) {
-        BIO_printf(bio_err, "To get meaningful results, run "
-                   "this program on idle system.\n");
-        warning = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (stop == TM_START)
-        tmstart = clock();
-    else
-        ret = (clock() - tmstart) / (double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
-
-    return (ret);
-}
-
-
 #elif defined(OPENSSL_SYSTEM_VXWORKS)
 # include <time.h>
 
@@ -2623,45 +2263,6 @@ int app_access(const char* name, int flag)
 #endif
 }
 
-int app_hex(char c)
-{
-    switch (c) {
-    default:
-    case '0':
-        return 0;
-    case '1':
-        return 1;
-    case '2':
-        return 2;
-    case '3':
-        return 3;
-    case '4':
-          return 4;
-    case '5':
-          return 5;
-    case '6':
-          return 6;
-    case '7':
-          return 7;
-    case '8':
-          return 8;
-    case '9':
-          return 9;
-    case 'a': case 'A':
-          return 0x0A;
-    case 'b': case 'B':
-          return 0x0B;
-    case 'c': case 'C':
-          return 0x0C;
-    case 'd': case 'D':
-          return 0x0D;
-    case 'e': case 'E':
-          return 0x0E;
-    case 'f': case 'F':
-          return 0x0F;
-    }
-}
-
 /* app_isdir section */
 #ifdef _WIN32
 int app_isdir(const char *name)
@@ -2671,7 +2272,7 @@ int app_isdir(const char *name)
 # if defined(UNICODE) || defined(_UNICODE)
     size_t i, len_0 = strlen(name) + 1;
 
-    if (len_0 > sizeof(FileData.cFileName) / sizeof(FileData.cFileName[0]))
+    if (len_0 > OSSL_NELEM(FileData.cFileName))
         return -1;
 
 #  if !defined(_WIN32_WCE) || _WIN32_WCE>=101
@@ -2716,6 +2317,36 @@ int app_isdir(const char *name)
 #endif
 
 /* raw_read|write section */
+#if defined(__VMS)
+# include "vms_term_sock.h"
+static int stdin_sock = -1;
+
+static void close_stdin_sock(void)
+{
+    TerminalSocket (TERM_SOCK_DELETE, &stdin_sock);
+}
+
+int fileno_stdin(void)
+{
+    if (stdin_sock == -1) {
+        TerminalSocket(TERM_SOCK_CREATE, &stdin_sock);
+        atexit(close_stdin_sock);
+    }
+
+    return stdin_sock;
+}
+#else
+int fileno_stdin(void)
+{
+    return fileno(stdin);
+}
+#endif
+
+int fileno_stdout(void)
+{
+    return fileno(stdout);
+}
+
 #if defined(_WIN32) && defined(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
 int raw_read_stdin(void *buf, int siz)
 {
@@ -2725,10 +2356,17 @@ int raw_read_stdin(void *buf, int siz)
     else
         return (-1);
 }
+#elif defined(__VMS)
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+int raw_read_stdin(void *buf, int siz)
+{
+    return recv(fileno_stdin(), buf, siz, 0);
+}
 #else
 int raw_read_stdin(void *buf, int siz)
 {
-    return read(fileno(stdin), buf, siz);
+    return read(fileno_stdin(), buf, siz);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2744,6 +2382,284 @@ int raw_write_stdout(const void *buf, int siz)
 #else
 int raw_write_stdout(const void *buf, int siz)
 {
-    return write(fileno(stdout), buf, siz);
+    return write(fileno_stdout(), buf, siz);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Centralized handling if input and output files with format specification
+ * The format is meant to show what the input and output is supposed to be,
+ * and is therefore a show of intent more than anything else.  However, it
+ * does impact behavior on some platform, such as differentiating between
+ * text and binary input/output on non-Unix platforms
+ */
+static int istext(int format)
+{
+    return (format & B_FORMAT_TEXT) == B_FORMAT_TEXT;
+}
+
+BIO *dup_bio_in(int format)
+{
+    return BIO_new_fp(stdin,
+                      BIO_NOCLOSE | (istext(format) ? BIO_FP_TEXT : 0));
+}
+
+BIO *dup_bio_out(int format)
+{
+    BIO *b = BIO_new_fp(stdout,
+                        BIO_NOCLOSE | (istext(format) ? BIO_FP_TEXT : 0));
+#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
+    if (istext(format))
+        b = BIO_push(BIO_new(BIO_f_linebuffer()), b);
+#endif
+    return b;
+}
+
+BIO *dup_bio_err(int format)
+{
+    BIO *b = BIO_new_fp(stderr,
+                        BIO_NOCLOSE | (istext(format) ? BIO_FP_TEXT : 0));
+#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
+    if (istext(format))
+        b = BIO_push(BIO_new(BIO_f_linebuffer()), b);
+#endif
+    return b;
+}
+
+void unbuffer(FILE *fp)
+{
+/*
+ * On VMS, setbuf() will only take 32-bit pointers, and a compilation
+ * with /POINTER_SIZE=64 will give off a MAYLOSEDATA2 warning here.
+ * However, we trust that the C RTL will never give us a FILE pointer
+ * above the first 4 GB of memory, so we simply turn off the warning
+ * temporarily.
+ */
+#if defined(OPENSSL_SYS_VMS) && defined(__DECC)
+# pragma environment save
+# pragma message disable maylosedata2
+#endif
+    setbuf(fp, NULL);
+#if defined(OPENSSL_SYS_VMS) && defined(__DECC)
+# pragma environment restore
+#endif
+}
+
+static const char *modestr(char mode, int format)
+{
+    OPENSSL_assert(mode == 'a' || mode == 'r' || mode == 'w');
+
+    switch (mode) {
+    case 'a':
+        return istext(format) ? "a" : "ab";
+    case 'r':
+        return istext(format) ? "r" : "rb";
+    case 'w':
+        return istext(format) ? "w" : "wb";
+    }
+    /* The assert above should make sure we never reach this point */
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *modeverb(char mode)
+{
+    switch (mode) {
+    case 'a':
+        return "appending";
+    case 'r':
+        return "reading";
+    case 'w':
+        return "writing";
+    }
+    return "(doing something)";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open a file for writing, owner-read-only.
+ */
+BIO *bio_open_owner(const char *filename, int format, int private)
+{
+    FILE *fp = NULL;
+    BIO *b = NULL;
+    int fd = -1, bflags, mode, textmode;
+
+    if (!private || filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
+        return bio_open_default(filename, 'w', format);
+
+    mode = O_WRONLY;
+#ifdef O_CREAT
+    mode |= O_CREAT;
+#endif
+#ifdef O_TRUNC
+    mode |= O_TRUNC;
+#endif
+    textmode = istext(format);
+    if (!textmode) {
+#ifdef O_BINARY
+        mode |= O_BINARY;
+#elif defined(_O_BINARY)
+        mode |= _O_BINARY;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
+    /* VMS doesn't have O_BINARY, it just doesn't make sense.  But,
+     * it still needs to know that we're going binary, or fdopen()
+     * will fail with "invalid argument"...  so we tell VMS what the
+     * context is.
+     */
+    if (!textmode)
+        fd = open(filename, mode, 0600, "ctx=bin");
+    else
+#endif
+        fd = open(filename, mode, 0600);
+    if (fd < 0)
+        goto err;
+    fp = fdopen(fd, modestr('w', format));
+    if (fp == NULL)
+        goto err;
+    bflags = BIO_CLOSE;
+    if (textmode)
+        bflags |= BIO_FP_TEXT;
+    b = BIO_new_fp(fp, bflags);
+    if (b)
+        return b;
+
+ err:
+    BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Can't open \"%s\" for writing, %s\n",
+               opt_getprog(), filename, strerror(errno));
+    ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
+    /* If we have fp, then fdopen took over fd, so don't close both. */
+    if (fp)
+        fclose(fp);
+    else if (fd >= 0)
+        close(fd);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static BIO *bio_open_default_(const char *filename, char mode, int format,
+                              int quiet)
+{
+    BIO *ret;
+
+    if (filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) {
+        ret = mode == 'r' ? dup_bio_in(format) : dup_bio_out(format);
+        if (quiet) {
+            ERR_clear_error();
+            return ret;
+        }
+        if (ret != NULL)
+            return ret;
+        BIO_printf(bio_err,
+                   "Can't open %s, %s\n",
+                   mode == 'r' ? "stdin" : "stdout", strerror(errno));
+    } else {
+        ret = BIO_new_file(filename, modestr(mode, format));
+        if (quiet) {
+            ERR_clear_error();
+            return ret;
+        }
+        if (ret != NULL)
+            return ret;
+        BIO_printf(bio_err,
+                   "Can't open %s for %s, %s\n",
+                   filename, modeverb(mode), strerror(errno));
+    }
+    ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+BIO *bio_open_default(const char *filename, char mode, int format)
+{
+    return bio_open_default_(filename, mode, format, 0);
+}
+
+BIO *bio_open_default_quiet(const char *filename, char mode, int format)
+{
+    return bio_open_default_(filename, mode, format, 1);
+}
+
+void wait_for_async(SSL *s)
+{
+    /* On Windows select only works for sockets, so we simply don't wait  */
+#ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS
+    int width = 0;
+    fd_set asyncfds;
+    OSSL_ASYNC_FD *fds;
+    size_t numfds;
+
+    if (!SSL_get_all_async_fds(s, NULL, &numfds))
+        return;
+    if (numfds == 0)
+        return;
+    fds = app_malloc(sizeof(OSSL_ASYNC_FD) * numfds, "allocate async fds");
+    if (!SSL_get_all_async_fds(s, fds, &numfds)) {
+        OPENSSL_free(fds);
+    }
+
+    FD_ZERO(&asyncfds);
+    while (numfds > 0) {
+        if (width <= (int)*fds)
+            width = (int)*fds + 1;
+        openssl_fdset((int)*fds, &asyncfds);
+        numfds--;
+        fds++;
+    }
+    select(width, (void *)&asyncfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* if OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS is defined then so is OPENSSL_SYS_MSDOS */
+#if defined(OPENSSL_SYS_MSDOS)
+int has_stdin_waiting(void)
+{
+# if defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS)
+    HANDLE inhand = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+    DWORD events = 0;
+    INPUT_RECORD inputrec;
+    DWORD insize = 1;
+    BOOL peeked;
+
+    if (inhand == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    peeked = PeekConsoleInput(inhand, &inputrec, insize, &events);
+    if (!peeked) {
+        /* Probably redirected input? _kbhit() does not work in this case */
+        if (!feof(stdin)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+# endif
+    return _kbhit();
 }
 #endif
+
+/* Corrupt a signature by modifying final byte */
+void corrupt_signature(const ASN1_STRING *signature)
+{
+        unsigned char *s = signature->data;
+        s[signature->length - 1] ^= 0x1;
+}
+
+int set_cert_times(X509 *x, const char *startdate, const char *enddate,
+                   int days)
+{
+    if (startdate == NULL || strcmp(startdate, "today") == 0) {
+        if (X509_gmtime_adj(X509_getm_notBefore(x), 0) == NULL)
+            return 0;
+    } else {
+        if (!ASN1_TIME_set_string(X509_getm_notBefore(x), startdate))
+            return 0;
+    }
+    if (enddate == NULL) {
+        if (X509_time_adj_ex(X509_getm_notAfter(x), days, 0, NULL)
+            == NULL)
+            return 0;
+    } else if (!ASN1_TIME_set_string(X509_getm_notAfter(x), enddate)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}