[B<-inform PEM|DER>]
[B<-outform PEM|DER>]
[B<-in filename>]
-[B<-passin password>]
-[B<-envpassin var>]
+[B<-passin arg>]
[B<-out filename>]
-[B<-passout password>]
-[B<-envpassout var>]
+[B<-passout arg>]
+[B<-iter count>]
[B<-noiter>]
[B<-nocrypt>]
[B<-nooct>]
+[B<-embed>]
+[B<-nsdb>]
[B<-v2 alg>]
+[B<-v2prf alg>]
[B<-v1 alg>]
+[B<-engine id>]
+[B<-scrypt>]
+[B<-scrypt_N N>]
+[B<-scrypt_r r>]
+[B<-scrypt_p p>]
=head1 DESCRIPTION
option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be
prompted for.
-=item B<-passin password>
+=item B<-passin arg>
-the input file password. Since certain utilities like "ps" make the command line
-visible this option should be used with caution.
-
-=item B<-envpassin var>
-
-read the input file password from the environment variable B<var>.
+the input file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
+see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
=item B<-out filename>
prompted for. The output filename should B<not> be the same as the input
filename.
-=item B<-passout password>
+=item B<-passout arg>
-the output file password. Since certain utilities like "ps" make the command line
-visible this option should be used with caution.
+the output file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
+see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
-=item B<-envpassout var>
+=item B<-iter count>
-read the output file password from the environment variable B<var>.
+When creating new PKCS#8 containers, use a given number of iterations on
+the password in deriving the encryption key for the PKCS#8 output.
+High values increase the time required to brute-force a PKCS#8 container.
=item B<-nocrypt>
=item B<-nooct>
-This option generates private keys in a broken format that some software
+This option generates RSA private keys in a broken format that some software
uses. Specifically the private key should be enclosed in a OCTET STRING
but some software just includes the structure itself without the
surrounding OCTET STRING.
+=item B<-embed>
+
+This option generates DSA keys in a broken format. The DSA parameters are
+embedded inside the PrivateKey structure. In this form the OCTET STRING
+contains an ASN1 SEQUENCE consisting of two structures: a SEQUENCE containing
+the parameters and an ASN1 INTEGER containing the private key.
+
+=item B<-nsdb>
+
+This option generates DSA keys in a broken format compatible with Netscape
+private key databases. The PrivateKey contains a SEQUENCE consisting of
+the public and private keys respectively.
+
=item B<-v2 alg>
This option enables the use of PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithms. Normally PKCS#8
The B<alg> argument is the encryption algorithm to use, valid values include
B<des>, B<des3> and B<rc2>. It is recommended that B<des3> is used.
+=item B<-v2prf alg>
+
+This option sets the PRF algorithm to use with PKCS#5 v2.0. A typical value
+values would be B<hmacWithSHA256>. If this option isn't set then the default
+for the cipher is used or B<hmacWithSHA1> if there is no default.
+
=item B<-v1 alg>
This option specifies a PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithm to use. A complete
list of possible algorithms is included below.
+=item B<-engine id>
+
+specifying an engine (by its unique B<id> string) will cause B<pkcs8>
+to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
+thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
+for all available algorithms.
+
+=item B<-scrypt>
+
+uses the B<scrypt> algorithm for private key encryption using default
+parameters: currently N=1024, r=8 and p=16 and AES in CBC mode with a 256 bit
+key. These parameters can be modified using the B<-scrypt_N>, B<-scrypt_r>,
+B<-scrypt_p> and B<-v2> options.
+
+B<-scrypt_N N> B<-scrypt_r r> B<-scrypt_p p>
+
+sets the scrypt B<N>, B<r> or B<p> parameters.
+
=back
=head1 NOTES
openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v2 des3 -out enckey.pem
+Convert a private from traditional to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using AES with
+256 bits in CBC mode and B<hmacWithSHA256> PRF:
+
+ openssl pkcs8 -in key.pem -topk8 -v2 aes-256-cbc -v2prf hmacWithSHA256 -out enckey.pem
+
Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#5 1.5 compatible algorithm
(DES):
Convert a private key from any PKCS#8 format to traditional format:
openssl pkcs8 -in pk8.pem -out key.pem
+
+Convert a private key to PKCS#8 format, encrypting with AES-256 and with
+one million iterations of the password:
+
+ openssl pkcs8 -in raw.pem -topk8 -v2 aes-256-cbc -iter 1000000 -out pk8.pem
=head1 STANDARDS
-Test vectors from this implementation were posted to the pkcs-tng mailing
-list using triple DES, DES and RC2 with high iteration counts, several
-people confirmed that they could decrypt the private keys produced and
-Therefore it can be assumed that the PKCS#5 v2.0 implementation is
-reasonably accurate at least as far as these algorithms are concerned.
+Test vectors from this PKCS#5 v2.0 implementation were posted to the
+pkcs-tng mailing list using triple DES, DES and RC2 with high iteration
+counts, several people confirmed that they could decrypt the private
+keys produced and Therefore it can be assumed that the PKCS#5 v2.0
+implementation is reasonably accurate at least as far as these
+algorithms are concerned.
+
+The format of PKCS#8 DSA (and other) private keys is not well documented:
+it is hidden away in PKCS#11 v2.01, section 11.9. OpenSSL's default DSA
+PKCS#8 private key format complies with this standard.
=head1 BUGS
=head1 SEE ALSO
-dsa(1), rsa(1), genrsa(1), gendsa(1)
+L<dsa(1)>, L<rsa(1)>, L<genrsa(1)>,
+L<gendsa(1)>
+
+=head1 HISTORY
+
+The B<-iter> option was added to OpenSSL 1.1.0.
=cut
projects / openssl.git / blobdiff