Standardize apps use of -rand, etc.
[openssl.git] / apps / ca.c
index 4bf7b527838e4b00c79f71e956352322d4791155..c1c2c49047858def73d3b84ca93aa39c0fdf9acd 100644 (file)
--- a/apps/ca.c
+++ b/apps/ca.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 1995-2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ * Copyright 1995-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
  * this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
 
 #ifndef W_OK
 # ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-#  if defined(__DECC)
-#   include <unistd.h>
-#  else
-#   include <unixlib.h>
-#  endif
+#  include <unistd.h>
 # elif !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_VXWORKS) && !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS)
 #  include <sys/file.h>
 # endif
 # define R_OK 4
 #endif
 
-#undef BSIZE
-#define BSIZE 256
+#ifndef PATH_MAX
+# define PATH_MAX 4096
+#endif
+#ifndef NAME_MAX
+# define NAME_MAX 255
+#endif
+
+#define CERT_MAX (PATH_MAX + NAME_MAX)
 
 #define BASE_SECTION            "ca"
 
 #define ENV_DATABASE            "database"
 
 /* Additional revocation information types */
-
-#define REV_NONE                0 /* No additional information */
-#define REV_CRL_REASON          1 /* Value is CRL reason code */
-#define REV_HOLD                2 /* Value is hold instruction */
-#define REV_KEY_COMPROMISE      3 /* Value is cert key compromise time */
-#define REV_CA_COMPROMISE       4 /* Value is CA key compromise time */
+typedef enum {
+    REV_VALID             = -1, /* Valid (not-revoked) status */
+    REV_NONE              = 0, /* No additional information */
+    REV_CRL_REASON        = 1, /* Value is CRL reason code */
+    REV_HOLD              = 2, /* Value is hold instruction */
+    REV_KEY_COMPROMISE    = 3, /* Value is cert key compromise time */
+    REV_CA_COMPROMISE     = 4  /* Value is CA key compromise time */
+} REVINFO_TYPE;
 
 static char *lookup_conf(const CONF *conf, const char *group, const char *tag);
-static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+
+static int certify(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                   BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                   int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate,
-                   long days, int batch, char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
+                   BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                   int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                   const char *enddate,
+                   long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
                    int verbose, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign);
-static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                         const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                        BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                        int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                        char *enddate, long days, int batch, char *ext_sect,
+                        BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                        int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                        const char *enddate, long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect,
                         CONF *conf, int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                         unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy);
-static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
+static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                          X509 *x509, const EVP_MD *dgst,
                          STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                          STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                         BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                         int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                         char *enddate, long days, char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
+                         BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                         int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                         const char *enddate, long days, const char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
                          int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                          unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy);
-static void write_new_certificate(BIO *bp, X509 *x, int output_der,
-                                  int notext);
 static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db, BIGNUM *serial,
-                   char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
-                   int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate, long days,
-                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, char *ext_sect,
+                   const char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
+                   int email_dn, const char *startdate, const char *enddate, long days,
+                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, const char *ext_sect,
                    CONF *conf, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign);
-static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, int ext, char *extval);
 static int get_certificate_status(const char *ser_status, CA_DB *db);
 static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db);
 static int check_time_format(const char *str);
-char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg);
-int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str);
+static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, REVINFO_TYPE rev_type,
+                     const char *extval);
+static char *make_revocation_str(REVINFO_TYPE rev_type, const char *rev_arg);
+static int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str);
 static int old_entry_print(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj, const ASN1_STRING *str);
+static void write_new_certificate(BIO *bp, X509 *x, int output_der, int notext);
 
 static CONF *extconf = NULL;
 static int preserve = 0;
@@ -147,11 +153,12 @@ typedef enum OPTION_choice {
     OPT_GENCRL, OPT_MSIE_HACK, OPT_CRLDAYS, OPT_CRLHOURS, OPT_CRLSEC,
     OPT_INFILES, OPT_SS_CERT, OPT_SPKAC, OPT_REVOKE, OPT_VALID,
     OPT_EXTENSIONS, OPT_EXTFILE, OPT_STATUS, OPT_UPDATEDB, OPT_CRLEXTS,
-    OPT_CRL_REASON, OPT_CRL_HOLD, OPT_CRL_COMPROMISE,
-    OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE
+    OPT_R_ENUM,
+    /* Do not change the order here; see related case statements below */
+    OPT_CRL_REASON, OPT_CRL_HOLD, OPT_CRL_COMPROMISE, OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE
 } OPTION_CHOICE;
 
-OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
+const OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
     {"help", OPT_HELP, '-', "Display this summary"},
     {"verbose", OPT_VERBOSE, '-', "Verbose output during processing"},
     {"config", OPT_CONFIG, 's', "A config file"},
@@ -159,7 +166,7 @@ OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
     {"subj", OPT_SUBJ, 's', "Use arg instead of request's subject"},
     {"utf8", OPT_UTF8, '-', "Input characters are UTF8 (default ASCII)"},
     {"create_serial", OPT_CREATE_SERIAL, '-',
-    "If reading serial fails, create a new random serial"},
+     "If reading serial fails, create a new random serial"},
     {"multivalue-rdn", OPT_MULTIVALUE_RDN, '-',
      "Enable support for multivalued RDNs"},
     {"startdate", OPT_STARTDATE, 's', "Cert notBefore, YYMMDDHHMMSSZ"},
@@ -211,6 +218,7 @@ OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
      "sets compromise time to val and the revocation reason to keyCompromise"},
     {"crl_CA_compromise", OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE, 's',
      "sets compromise time to val and the revocation reason to CACompromise"},
+    OPT_R_OPTIONS,
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE
     {"engine", OPT_ENGINE, 's', "Use engine, possibly a hardware device"},
 #endif
@@ -223,7 +231,7 @@ int ca_main(int argc, char **argv)
     ENGINE *e = NULL;
     BIGNUM *crlnumber = NULL, *serial = NULL;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
-    BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL, *Sout = NULL, *Cout = NULL;
+    BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL, *Sout = NULL;
     ASN1_INTEGER *tmpser;
     ASN1_TIME *tmptm;
     CA_DB *db = NULL;
@@ -235,27 +243,31 @@ int ca_main(int argc, char **argv)
     const EVP_MD *dgst = NULL;
     char *configfile = default_config_file, *section = NULL;
     char *md = NULL, *policy = NULL, *keyfile = NULL;
-    char *certfile = NULL, *crl_ext = NULL, *crlnumberfile = NULL;
-    char *infile = NULL, *spkac_file = NULL, *ss_cert_file = NULL;
-    char *extensions = NULL, *extfile = NULL, *key = NULL, *passinarg = NULL;
+    char *certfile = NULL, *crl_ext = NULL, *crlnumberfile = NULL, *key = NULL;
+    const char *infile = NULL, *spkac_file = NULL, *ss_cert_file = NULL;
+    const char *extensions = NULL, *extfile = NULL, *passinarg = NULL;
     char *outdir = NULL, *outfile = NULL, *rev_arg = NULL, *ser_status = NULL;
-    char *serialfile = NULL, *startdate = NULL, *subj = NULL;
-    char *prog, *enddate = NULL;
-    char *dbfile = NULL, *f, *randfile = NULL;
-    char buf[3][BSIZE];
+    const char *serialfile = NULL, *subj = NULL;
+    char *prog, *startdate = NULL, *enddate = NULL;
+    char *dbfile = NULL, *f;
+    char new_cert[CERT_MAX + 1];
+    char tmp[10 + 1] = "\0";
     char *const *pp;
     const char *p;
     int create_ser = 0, free_key = 0, total = 0, total_done = 0;
     int batch = 0, default_op = 1, doupdatedb = 0, ext_copy = EXT_COPY_NONE;
     int keyformat = FORMAT_PEM, multirdn = 0, notext = 0, output_der = 0;
     int ret = 1, email_dn = 1, req = 0, verbose = 0, gencrl = 0, dorevoke = 0;
-    int i, j, rev_type = REV_NONE, selfsign = 0;
+    int i, j, selfsign = 0;
     long crldays = 0, crlhours = 0, crlsec = 0, days = 0;
-    unsigned long chtype = MBSTRING_ASC, nameopt = 0, certopt = 0;
+    unsigned long chtype = MBSTRING_ASC, certopt = 0;
     X509 *x509 = NULL, *x509p = NULL, *x = NULL;
+    REVINFO_TYPE rev_type = REV_NONE;
     X509_REVOKED *r = NULL;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
 
+    new_cert[CERT_MAX] = '\0';
+
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, ca_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
         switch (o) {
@@ -322,6 +334,10 @@ opthelp:
         case OPT_PASSIN:
             passinarg = opt_arg();
             break;
+        case OPT_R_CASES:
+            if (!opt_rand(o))
+                goto end;
+            break;
         case OPT_KEY:
             key = opt_arg();
             break;
@@ -402,21 +418,12 @@ opthelp:
         case OPT_CRLEXTS:
             crl_ext = opt_arg();
             break;
-        case OPT_CRL_REASON:
-            rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_CRL_REASON;
-            break;
+        case OPT_CRL_REASON:        /* := REV_CRL_REASON */
         case OPT_CRL_HOLD:
-            rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_HOLD;
-            break;
         case OPT_CRL_COMPROMISE:
-            rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_KEY_COMPROMISE;
-            break;
         case OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE:
             rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_CA_COMPROMISE;
+            rev_type = (o - OPT_CRL_REASON) + REV_CRL_REASON;
             break;
         case OPT_ENGINE:
             e = setup_engine(opt_arg(), 0);
@@ -464,23 +471,20 @@ end_of_options:
         }
     }
 
-    randfile = NCONF_get_string(conf, BASE_SECTION, "RANDFILE");
-    if (randfile == NULL)
-        ERR_clear_error();
-    app_RAND_load_file(randfile, 0);
+    app_RAND_load_conf(conf, BASE_SECTION);
 
     f = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, STRING_MASK);
-    if (!f)
+    if (f == NULL)
         ERR_clear_error();
 
-    if (f && !ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc(f)) {
+    if (f != NULL && !ASN1_STRING_set_default_mask_asc(f)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Invalid global string mask setting %s\n", f);
         goto end;
     }
 
     if (chtype != MBSTRING_UTF8) {
         f = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, UTF8_IN);
-        if (!f)
+        if (f == NULL)
             ERR_clear_error();
         else if (strcmp(f, "yes") == 0)
             chtype = MBSTRING_UTF8;
@@ -488,16 +492,16 @@ end_of_options:
 
     db_attr.unique_subject = 1;
     p = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_UNIQUE_SUBJECT);
-    if (p) {
+    if (p != NULL)
         db_attr.unique_subject = parse_yesno(p, 1);
-    else
+    else
         ERR_clear_error();
 
     /*****************************************************************/
     /* report status of cert with serial number given on command line */
     if (ser_status) {
         dbfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_DATABASE);
-        if (dbfile  == NULL)
+        if (dbfile == NULL)
             goto end;
 
         db = load_index(dbfile, &db_attr);
@@ -519,7 +523,7 @@ end_of_options:
         && (keyfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_PRIVATE_KEY)) == NULL)
         goto end;
 
-    if (!key) {
+    if (key == NULL) {
         free_key = 1;
         if (!app_passwd(passinarg, NULL, &key, NULL)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error getting password\n");
@@ -527,12 +531,11 @@ end_of_options:
         }
     }
     pkey = load_key(keyfile, keyformat, 0, key, e, "CA private key");
-    if (key)
+    if (key != NULL)
         OPENSSL_cleanse(key, strlen(key));
-    if (pkey == NULL) {
+    if (pkey == NULL)
         /* load_key() has already printed an appropriate message */
         goto end;
-    }
 
     /*****************************************************************/
     /* we need a certificate */
@@ -567,37 +570,36 @@ end_of_options:
 
     f = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_NAMEOPT);
 
-    if (f) {
-        if (!set_name_ex(&nameopt, f)) {
+    if (f != NULL) {
+        if (!set_nameopt(f)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Invalid name options: \"%s\"\n", f);
             goto end;
         }
         default_op = 0;
-    } else {
-        nameopt = XN_FLAG_ONELINE;
-        ERR_clear_error();
     }
 
     f = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_CERTOPT);
 
-    if (f) {
+    if (f != NULL) {
         if (!set_cert_ex(&certopt, f)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Invalid certificate options: \"%s\"\n", f);
             goto end;
         }
         default_op = 0;
-    } else
+    } else {
         ERR_clear_error();
+    }
 
     f = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_EXTCOPY);
 
-    if (f) {
+    if (f != NULL) {
         if (!set_ext_copy(&ext_copy, f)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Invalid extension copy option: \"%s\"\n", f);
             goto end;
         }
-    } else
+    } else {
         ERR_clear_error();
+    }
 
     /*****************************************************************/
     /* lookup where to write new certificates */
@@ -776,17 +778,17 @@ end_of_options:
         if (serialfile == NULL)
             goto end;
 
-        if (!extconf) {
+        if (extconf == NULL) {
             /*
              * no '-extfile' option, so we look for extensions in the main
              * configuration file
              */
-            if (!extensions) {
+            if (extensions == NULL) {
                 extensions = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_EXTENSIONS);
-                if (!extensions)
+                if (extensions == NULL)
                     ERR_clear_error();
             }
-            if (extensions) {
+            if (extensions != NULL) {
                 /* Check syntax of file */
                 X509V3_CTX ctx;
                 X509V3_set_ctx_test(&ctx);
@@ -807,7 +809,7 @@ end_of_options:
             if (startdate == NULL)
                 ERR_clear_error();
         }
-        if (startdate && !ASN1_TIME_set_string(NULL, startdate)) {
+        if (startdate != NULL && !ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509(NULL, startdate)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "start date is invalid, it should be YYMMDDHHMMSSZ or YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\n");
             goto end;
@@ -820,7 +822,7 @@ end_of_options:
             if (enddate == NULL)
                 ERR_clear_error();
         }
-        if (enddate && !ASN1_TIME_set_string(NULL, enddate)) {
+        if (enddate != NULL && !ASN1_TIME_set_string_X509(NULL, enddate)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "end date is invalid, it should be YYMMDDHHMMSSZ or YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ\n");
             goto end;
@@ -830,7 +832,7 @@ end_of_options:
             if (!NCONF_get_number(conf, section, ENV_DEFAULT_DAYS, &days))
                 days = 0;
         }
-        if (!enddate && (days == 0)) {
+        if (enddate == NULL && (days == 0)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "cannot lookup how many days to certify for\n");
             goto end;
@@ -841,9 +843,9 @@ end_of_options:
             goto end;
         }
         if (verbose) {
-            if (BN_is_zero(serial))
+            if (BN_is_zero(serial)) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "next serial number is 00\n");
-            else {
+            else {
                 if ((f = BN_bn2hex(serial)) == NULL)
                     goto end;
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "next serial number is %s\n", f);
@@ -865,7 +867,7 @@ end_of_options:
             j = certify_spkac(&x, spkac_file, pkey, x509, dgst, sigopts,
                               attribs, db, serial, subj, chtype, multirdn,
                               email_dn, startdate, enddate, days, extensions,
-                              conf, verbose, certopt, nameopt, default_op,
+                              conf, verbose, certopt, get_nameopt(), default_op,
                               ext_copy);
             if (j < 0)
                 goto end;
@@ -890,7 +892,7 @@ end_of_options:
                              attribs,
                              db, serial, subj, chtype, multirdn, email_dn,
                              startdate, enddate, days, batch, extensions,
-                             conf, verbose, certopt, nameopt, default_op,
+                             conf, verbose, certopt, get_nameopt(), default_op,
                              ext_copy);
             if (j < 0)
                 goto end;
@@ -910,7 +912,7 @@ end_of_options:
             j = certify(&x, infile, pkey, x509p, dgst, sigopts, attribs, db,
                         serial, subj, chtype, multirdn, email_dn, startdate,
                         enddate, days, batch, extensions, conf, verbose,
-                        certopt, nameopt, default_op, ext_copy, selfsign);
+                        certopt, get_nameopt(), default_op, ext_copy, selfsign);
             if (j < 0)
                 goto end;
             if (j > 0) {
@@ -929,7 +931,7 @@ end_of_options:
             j = certify(&x, argv[i], pkey, x509p, dgst, sigopts, attribs, db,
                         serial, subj, chtype, multirdn, email_dn, startdate,
                         enddate, days, batch, extensions, conf, verbose,
-                        certopt, nameopt, default_op, ext_copy, selfsign);
+                        certopt, get_nameopt(), default_op, ext_copy, selfsign);
             if (j < 0)
                 goto end;
             if (j > 0) {
@@ -954,14 +956,14 @@ end_of_options:
                            "\n%d out of %d certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]",
                            total_done, total);
                 (void)BIO_flush(bio_err);
-                buf[0][0] = '\0';
-                if (!fgets(buf[0], 10, stdin)) {
+                tmp[0] = '\0';
+                if (fgets(tmp, sizeof(tmp), stdin) == NULL) {
                     BIO_printf(bio_err,
                                "CERTIFICATION CANCELED: I/O error\n");
                     ret = 0;
                     goto end;
                 }
-                if ((buf[0][0] != 'y') && (buf[0][0] != 'Y')) {
+                if (tmp[0] != 'y' && tmp[0] != 'Y') {
                     BIO_printf(bio_err, "CERTIFICATION CANCELED\n");
                     ret = 0;
                     goto end;
@@ -981,33 +983,32 @@ end_of_options:
         if (verbose)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing new certificates\n");
         for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(cert_sk); i++) {
-            ASN1_INTEGER *serialNumber = X509_get_serialNumber(x);
+            BIO *Cout = NULL;
+            X509 *xi = sk_X509_value(cert_sk, i);
+            ASN1_INTEGER *serialNumber = X509_get_serialNumber(xi);
             int k;
             char *n;
 
-            x = sk_X509_value(cert_sk, i);
-
             j = ASN1_STRING_length(serialNumber);
             p = (const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(serialNumber);
 
-            if (strlen(outdir) >= (size_t)(j ? BSIZE - j * 2 - 6 : BSIZE - 8)) {
+            if (strlen(outdir) >= (size_t)(j ? CERT_MAX - j * 2 - 6 : CERT_MAX - 8)) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "certificate file name too long\n");
                 goto end;
             }
 
-            strcpy(buf[2], outdir);
-
+            strcpy(new_cert, outdir);
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-            OPENSSL_strlcat(buf[2], "/", sizeof(buf[2]));
+            OPENSSL_strlcat(new_cert, "/", sizeof(new_cert));
 #endif
 
-            n = (char *)&(buf[2][strlen(buf[2])]);
+            n = (char *)&(new_cert[strlen(new_cert)]);
             if (j > 0) {
                 for (k = 0; k < j; k++) {
-                    if (n >= &(buf[2][sizeof(buf[2])]))
+                    if (n >= &(new_cert[sizeof(new_cert)]))
                         break;
                     BIO_snprintf(n,
-                                 &buf[2][0] + sizeof(buf[2]) - n,
+                                 &new_cert[0] + sizeof(new_cert) - n,
                                  "%02X", (unsigned char)*(p++));
                     n += 2;
                 }
@@ -1021,15 +1022,16 @@ end_of_options:
             *(n++) = 'm';
             *n = '\0';
             if (verbose)
-                BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing %s\n", buf[2]);
+                BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing %s\n", new_cert);
 
-            Cout = BIO_new_file(buf[2], "w");
+            Cout = BIO_new_file(new_cert, "w");
             if (Cout == NULL) {
-                perror(buf[2]);
+                perror(new_cert);
                 goto end;
             }
-            write_new_certificate(Cout, x, 0, notext);
-            write_new_certificate(Sout, x, output_der, notext);
+            write_new_certificate(Cout, xi, 0, notext);
+            write_new_certificate(Sout, xi, output_der, notext);
+            BIO_free_all(Cout);
         }
 
         if (sk_X509_num(cert_sk)) {
@@ -1047,12 +1049,12 @@ end_of_options:
     /*****************************************************************/
     if (gencrl) {
         int crl_v2 = 0;
-        if (!crl_ext) {
+        if (crl_ext == NULL) {
             crl_ext = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_CRLEXT);
-            if (!crl_ext)
+            if (crl_ext == NULL)
                 ERR_clear_error();
         }
-        if (crl_ext) {
+        if (crl_ext != NULL) {
             /* Check syntax of file */
             X509V3_CTX ctx;
             X509V3_set_ctx_test(&ctx);
@@ -1099,13 +1101,13 @@ end_of_options:
         if (tmptm == NULL)
             goto end;
         X509_gmtime_adj(tmptm, 0);
-        X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate(crl, tmptm);
+        X509_CRL_set1_lastUpdate(crl, tmptm);
         if (!X509_time_adj_ex(tmptm, crldays, crlhours * 60 * 60 + crlsec,
                               NULL)) {
             BIO_puts(bio_err, "error setting CRL nextUpdate\n");
             goto end;
         }
-        X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate(crl, tmptm);
+        X509_CRL_set1_nextUpdate(crl, tmptm);
 
         ASN1_TIME_free(tmptm);
 
@@ -1143,12 +1145,12 @@ end_of_options:
 
         /* Add any extensions asked for */
 
-        if (crl_ext || crlnumberfile != NULL) {
+        if (crl_ext != NULL || crlnumberfile != NULL) {
             X509V3_CTX crlctx;
             X509V3_set_ctx(&crlctx, x509, NULL, NULL, crl, 0);
             X509V3_set_nconf(&crlctx, conf);
 
-            if (crl_ext)
+            if (crl_ext != NULL)
                 if (!X509V3_EXT_CRL_add_nconf(conf, &crlctx, crl_ext, crl))
                     goto end;
             if (crlnumberfile != NULL) {
@@ -1162,7 +1164,7 @@ end_of_options:
                     goto end;
             }
         }
-        if (crl_ext || crl_v2) {
+        if (crl_ext != NULL || crl_v2) {
             if (!X509_CRL_set_version(crl, 1))
                 goto end;       /* version 2 CRL */
         }
@@ -1196,7 +1198,7 @@ end_of_options:
             if (revcert == NULL)
                 goto end;
             if (dorevoke == 2)
-                rev_type = -1;
+                rev_type = REV_VALID;
             j = do_revoke(revcert, db, rev_type, rev_arg);
             if (j <= 0)
                 goto end;
@@ -1214,7 +1216,6 @@ end_of_options:
     /*****************************************************************/
     ret = 0;
  end:
-    BIO_free_all(Cout);
     BIO_free_all(Sout);
     BIO_free_all(out);
     BIO_free_all(in);
@@ -1222,7 +1223,6 @@ end_of_options:
 
     if (ret)
         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
-    app_RAND_write_file(randfile);
     if (free_key)
         OPENSSL_free(key);
     BN_free(serial);
@@ -1234,6 +1234,7 @@ end_of_options:
     X509_CRL_free(crl);
     NCONF_free(conf);
     NCONF_free(extconf);
+    release_engine(e);
     return (ret);
 }
 
@@ -1245,12 +1246,13 @@ static char *lookup_conf(const CONF *conf, const char *section, const char *tag)
     return entry;
 }
 
-static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+static int certify(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                   BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                   int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate,
-                   long days, int batch, char *ext_sect, CONF *lconf,
+                   BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                   int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                   const char *enddate,
+                   long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect, CONF *lconf,
                    int verbose, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign)
 {
@@ -1270,7 +1272,7 @@ static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         goto end;
     }
     if (verbose)
-        X509_REQ_print(bio_err, req);
+        X509_REQ_print_ex(bio_err, req, nameopt, X509_FLAG_COMPAT);
 
     BIO_printf(bio_err, "Check that the request matches the signature\n");
 
@@ -1298,8 +1300,9 @@ static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    "Signature did not match the certificate request\n");
         ERR_print_errors(bio_err);
         goto end;
-    } else
+    } else {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Signature ok\n");
+    }
 
     ok = do_body(xret, pkey, x509, dgst, sigopts, policy, db, serial, subj,
                  chtype, multirdn, email_dn, startdate, enddate, days, batch,
@@ -1312,12 +1315,12 @@ static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     return (ok);
 }
 
-static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                         const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                        BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                        int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                        char *enddate, long days, int batch, char *ext_sect,
+                        BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                        int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                        const char *enddate, long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect,
                         CONF *lconf, int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                         unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy)
 {
@@ -1347,8 +1350,9 @@ static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         ok = 0;
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Signature did not match the certificate\n");
         goto end;
-    } else
+    } else {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Signature ok\n");
+    }
 
     if ((rreq = X509_to_X509_REQ(req, NULL, NULL)) == NULL)
         goto end;
@@ -1367,20 +1371,19 @@ static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
 static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db, BIGNUM *serial,
-                   char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
-                   int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate, long days,
-                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, char *ext_sect,
+                   const char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
+                   int email_dn, const char *startdate, const char *enddate, long days,
+                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, const char *ext_sect,
                    CONF *lconf, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign)
 {
     X509_NAME *name = NULL, *CAname = NULL, *subject = NULL, *dn_subject =
         NULL;
-    ASN1_UTCTIME *tm;
+    const ASN1_TIME *tm;
     ASN1_STRING *str, *str2;
     ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
     X509 *ret = NULL;
-    X509_NAME_ENTRY *ne;
-    X509_NAME_ENTRY *tne, *push;
+    X509_NAME_ENTRY *ne, *tne;
     EVP_PKEY *pktmp;
     int ok = -1, i, j, last, nid;
     const char *p;
@@ -1413,41 +1416,37 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         ne = X509_NAME_get_entry(name, i);
         str = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(ne);
         obj = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(ne);
+        nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj);
 
         if (msie_hack) {
             /* assume all type should be strings */
-            nid = OBJ_obj2nid(X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(ne));
 
             if (str->type == V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING)
                 ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_to_string(str);
 
-            if ((str->type == V_ASN1_IA5STRING) &&
-                (nid != NID_pkcs9_emailAddress))
+            if (str->type == V_ASN1_IA5STRING && nid != NID_pkcs9_emailAddress)
                 str->type = V_ASN1_T61STRING;
 
-            if ((nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress) &&
-                (str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING))
+            if (nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress
+                && str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING)
                 str->type = V_ASN1_IA5STRING;
         }
 
         /* If no EMAIL is wanted in the subject */
-        if ((OBJ_obj2nid(obj) == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress) && (!email_dn))
+        if (nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress && !email_dn)
             continue;
 
         /* check some things */
-        if ((OBJ_obj2nid(obj) == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress) &&
-            (str->type != V_ASN1_IA5STRING)) {
+        if (nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress && str->type != V_ASN1_IA5STRING) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "\nemailAddress type needs to be of type IA5STRING\n");
             goto end;
         }
-        if ((str->type != V_ASN1_BMPSTRING)
-            && (str->type != V_ASN1_UTF8STRING)) {
+        if (str->type != V_ASN1_BMPSTRING && str->type != V_ASN1_UTF8STRING) {
             j = ASN1_PRINTABLE_type(str->data, str->length);
-            if (((j == V_ASN1_T61STRING) &&
-                 (str->type != V_ASN1_T61STRING)) ||
-                ((j == V_ASN1_IA5STRING) &&
-                 (str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING))) {
+            if ((j == V_ASN1_T61STRING && str->type != V_ASN1_T61STRING) ||
+                (j == V_ASN1_IA5STRING && str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING))
+            {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err,
                            "\nThe string contains characters that are illegal for the ASN.1 type\n");
                 goto end;
@@ -1485,6 +1484,8 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
 
         last = -1;
         for (;;) {
+            X509_NAME_ENTRY *push = NULL;
+
             /* lookup the object in the supplied name list */
             j = X509_NAME_get_index_by_OBJ(name, obj, last);
             if (j < 0) {
@@ -1497,7 +1498,6 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
             last = j;
 
             /* depending on the 'policy', decide what to do. */
-            push = NULL;
             if (strcmp(cv->value, "optional") == 0) {
                 if (tne != NULL)
                     push = tne;
@@ -1507,8 +1507,9 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                                "The %s field needed to be supplied and was missing\n",
                                cv->name);
                     goto end;
-                } else
+                } else {
                     push = tne;
+                }
             } else if (strcmp(cv->value, "match") == 0) {
                 int last2;
 
@@ -1578,15 +1579,14 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         BIO_printf(bio_err,
                    "The subject name appears to be ok, checking data base for clashes\n");
 
-    /* Build the correct Subject if no e-mail is wanted in the subject */
     /*
-     * and add it later on because of the method extensions are added
-     * (altName)
+     * Build the correct Subject if no e-mail is wanted in the subject.
+     * And add it later on because of the method extensions are added (altName)
      */
 
-    if (email_dn)
+    if (email_dn) {
         dn_subject = subject;
-    else {
+    else {
         X509_NAME_ENTRY *tmpne;
         /*
          * Its best to dup the subject DN and then delete any email addresses
@@ -1637,16 +1637,16 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
 
     if (rrow != NULL) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "The matching entry has the following details\n");
-        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'E')
+        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_EXP)
             p = "Expired";
-        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R')
+        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV)
             p = "Revoked";
-        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'V')
+        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_VAL)
             p = "Valid";
         else
             p = "\ninvalid type, Data base error\n";
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Type          :%s\n", p);;
-        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R') {
+        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV) {
             p = rrow[DB_exp_date];
             if (p == NULL)
                 p = "undef";
@@ -1696,17 +1696,12 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
             goto end;
     }
 
-    if (strcmp(startdate, "today") == 0)
-        X509_gmtime_adj(X509_get_notBefore(ret), 0);
-    else
-        ASN1_TIME_set_string(X509_get_notBefore(ret), startdate);
+    if (!set_cert_times(ret, startdate, enddate, days))
+        goto end;
 
-    if (enddate == NULL)
-        X509_time_adj_ex(X509_get_notAfter(ret), days, 0, NULL);
-    else {
+    if (enddate != NULL) {
         int tdays;
-        ASN1_TIME_set_string(X509_get_notAfter(ret), enddate);
-        ASN1_TIME_diff(&tdays, NULL, NULL, X509_get_notAfter(ret));
+        ASN1_TIME_diff(&tdays, NULL, NULL, X509_get0_notAfter(ret));
         days = tdays;
     }
 
@@ -1729,7 +1724,7 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         else
             X509V3_set_ctx(&ctx, x509, ret, req, NULL, 0);
 
-        if (extconf) {
+        if (extconf != NULL) {
             if (verbose)
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "Extra configuration file found\n");
 
@@ -1792,7 +1787,7 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     }
 
     BIO_printf(bio_err, "Certificate is to be certified until ");
-    ASN1_TIME_print(bio_err, X509_get_notAfter(ret));
+    ASN1_TIME_print(bio_err, X509_get0_notAfter(ret));
     if (days)
         BIO_printf(bio_err, " (%ld days)", days);
     BIO_printf(bio_err, "\n");
@@ -1802,13 +1797,13 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Sign the certificate? [y/n]:");
         (void)BIO_flush(bio_err);
         buf[0] = '\0';
-        if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, stdin)) {
+        if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "CERTIFICATE WILL NOT BE CERTIFIED: I/O error\n");
             ok = 0;
             goto end;
         }
-        if (!((buf[0] == 'y') || (buf[0] == 'Y'))) {
+        if (!(buf[0] == 'y' || buf[0] == 'Y')) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "CERTIFICATE WILL NOT BE CERTIFIED\n");
             ok = 0;
             goto end;
@@ -1823,9 +1818,9 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     if (!do_X509_sign(ret, pkey, dgst, sigopts))
         goto end;
 
-    /* We now just add it to the database */
+    /* We now just add it to the database as DB_TYPE_VAL('V') */
     row[DB_type] = OPENSSL_strdup("V");
-    tm = X509_get_notAfter(ret);
+    tm = X509_get0_notAfter(ret);
     row[DB_exp_date] = app_malloc(tm->length + 1, "row expdate");
     memcpy(row[DB_exp_date], tm->data, tm->length);
     row[DB_exp_date][tm->length] = '\0';
@@ -1840,10 +1835,8 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     }
 
     irow = app_malloc(sizeof(*irow) * (DB_NUMBER + 1), "row space");
-    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
         irow[i] = row[i];
-        row[i] = NULL;
-    }
     irow[DB_NUMBER] = NULL;
 
     if (!TXT_DB_insert(db->db, irow)) {
@@ -1851,10 +1844,14 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "TXT_DB error number %ld\n", db->db->error);
         goto end;
     }
+    irow = NULL;
     ok = 1;
  end:
-    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
-        OPENSSL_free(row[i]);
+    if (irow != NULL) {
+        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
+            OPENSSL_free(row[i]);
+        OPENSSL_free(irow);
+    }
 
     X509_NAME_free(CAname);
     X509_NAME_free(subject);
@@ -1880,13 +1877,13 @@ static void write_new_certificate(BIO *bp, X509 *x, int output_der,
     PEM_write_bio_X509(bp, x);
 }
 
-static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
+static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                          X509 *x509, const EVP_MD *dgst,
                          STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                          STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                         BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                         int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                         char *enddate, long days, char *ext_sect,
+                         BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                         int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                         const char *enddate, long days, const char *ext_sect,
                          CONF *lconf, int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                          unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy)
 {
@@ -1918,7 +1915,6 @@ static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
     sk = CONF_get_section(parms, "default");
     if (sk_CONF_VALUE_num(sk) == 0) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "no name/value pairs found in %s\n", infile);
-        CONF_free(parms);
         goto end;
     }
 
@@ -2022,9 +2018,10 @@ static int check_time_format(const char *str)
     return ASN1_TIME_set_string(NULL, str);
 }
 
-static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, int type, char *value)
+static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, REVINFO_TYPE rev_type,
+                     const char *value)
 {
-    ASN1_UTCTIME *tm = NULL;
+    const ASN1_TIME *tm = NULL;
     char *row[DB_NUMBER], **rrow, **irow;
     char *rev_str = NULL;
     BIGNUM *bn = NULL;
@@ -2055,63 +2052,70 @@ static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, int type, char *value)
                    "Adding Entry with serial number %s to DB for %s\n",
                    row[DB_serial], row[DB_name]);
 
-        /* We now just add it to the database */
+        /* We now just add it to the database as DB_TYPE_REV('V') */
         row[DB_type] = OPENSSL_strdup("V");
-        tm = X509_get_notAfter(x509);
+        tm = X509_get0_notAfter(x509);
         row[DB_exp_date] = app_malloc(tm->length + 1, "row exp_data");
         memcpy(row[DB_exp_date], tm->data, tm->length);
         row[DB_exp_date][tm->length] = '\0';
         row[DB_rev_date] = NULL;
         row[DB_file] = OPENSSL_strdup("unknown");
 
+        if (row[DB_type] == NULL || row[DB_file] == NULL) {
+            BIO_printf(bio_err, "Memory allocation failure\n");
+            goto end;
+        }
+
         irow = app_malloc(sizeof(*irow) * (DB_NUMBER + 1), "row ptr");
-        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++) {
+        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
             irow[i] = row[i];
-            row[i] = NULL;
-        }
         irow[DB_NUMBER] = NULL;
 
         if (!TXT_DB_insert(db->db, irow)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "failed to update database\n");
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "TXT_DB error number %ld\n", db->db->error);
+            OPENSSL_free(irow);
             goto end;
         }
 
+        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
+            row[i] = NULL;
+
         /* Revoke Certificate */
-        if (type == -1)
+        if (rev_type == REV_VALID)
             ok = 1;
         else
-            ok = do_revoke(x509, db, type, value);
+            /* Retry revocation after DB insertion */
+            ok = do_revoke(x509, db, rev_type, value);
 
         goto end;
 
     } else if (index_name_cmp_noconst(row, rrow)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR:name does not match %s\n", row[DB_name]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (type == -1) {
+    } else if (rev_type == REV_VALID) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR:Already present, serial number %s\n",
                    row[DB_serial]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR:Already revoked, serial number %s\n",
                    row[DB_serial]);
         goto end;
     } else {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Revoking Certificate %s.\n", rrow[DB_serial]);
-        rev_str = make_revocation_str(type, value);
+        rev_str = make_revocation_str(rev_type, value);
         if (!rev_str) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error in revocation arguments\n");
             goto end;
         }
-        rrow[DB_type][0] = 'R';
+        rrow[DB_type][0] = DB_TYPE_REV;
         rrow[DB_type][1] = '\0';
         rrow[DB_rev_date] = rev_str;
     }
     ok = 1;
  end:
-    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
         OPENSSL_free(row[i]);
-    }
     return (ok);
 }
 
@@ -2131,7 +2135,7 @@ static int get_certificate_status(const char *serial, CA_DB *db)
     if (serial_len % 2) {
         /*
          * Set the first char to 0
-         */ ;
+         */
         row[DB_serial][0] = '0';
 
         /* Copy String from serial to row[DB_serial] */
@@ -2144,8 +2148,7 @@ static int get_certificate_status(const char *serial, CA_DB *db)
     }
 
     /* Make it Upper Case */
-    for (i = 0; row[DB_serial][i] != '\0'; i++)
-        row[DB_serial][i] = toupper((unsigned char)row[DB_serial][i]);
+    make_uppercase(row[DB_serial]);
 
     ok = 1;
 
@@ -2155,19 +2158,19 @@ static int get_certificate_status(const char *serial, CA_DB *db)
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Serial %s not present in db.\n", row[DB_serial]);
         ok = -1;
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'V') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_VAL) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Valid (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Revoked (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'E') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_EXP) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Expired (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'S') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_SUSP) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Suspended (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
@@ -2209,7 +2212,7 @@ static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db)
     for (i = 0; i < sk_OPENSSL_PSTRING_num(db->db->data); i++) {
         rrow = sk_OPENSSL_PSTRING_value(db->db->data, i);
 
-        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'V') {
+        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_VAL) {
             /* ignore entries that are not valid */
             if (strncmp(rrow[DB_exp_date], "49", 2) <= 0)
                 db_y2k = 1;
@@ -2219,14 +2222,14 @@ static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db)
             if (db_y2k == a_y2k) {
                 /* all on the same y2k side */
                 if (strcmp(rrow[DB_exp_date], a_tm_s) <= 0) {
-                    rrow[DB_type][0] = 'E';
+                    rrow[DB_type][0] = DB_TYPE_EXP;
                     rrow[DB_type][1] = '\0';
                     cnt++;
 
                     BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Expired\n", rrow[DB_serial]);
                 }
             } else if (db_y2k < a_y2k) {
-                rrow[DB_type][0] = 'E';
+                rrow[DB_type][0] = DB_TYPE_EXP;
                 rrow[DB_type][1] = '\0';
                 cnt++;
 
@@ -2266,15 +2269,17 @@ static const char *crl_reasons[] = {
  * additional argument
  */
 
-char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
+static char *make_revocation_str(REVINFO_TYPE rev_type, const char *rev_arg)
 {
-    char *other = NULL, *str;
-    const char *reason = NULL;
+    char *str;
+    const char *reason = NULL, *other = NULL;
     ASN1_OBJECT *otmp;
     ASN1_UTCTIME *revtm = NULL;
     int i;
+
     switch (rev_type) {
     case REV_NONE:
+    case REV_VALID:
         break;
 
     case REV_CRL_REASON:
@@ -2292,7 +2297,6 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
 
     case REV_HOLD:
         /* Argument is an OID */
-
         otmp = OBJ_txt2obj(rev_arg, 0);
         ASN1_OBJECT_free(otmp);
 
@@ -2307,7 +2311,6 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
 
     case REV_KEY_COMPROMISE:
     case REV_CA_COMPROMISE:
-
         /* Argument is the key compromise time  */
         if (!ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string(NULL, rev_arg)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
@@ -2322,7 +2325,6 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
             reason = "CAkeyTime";
 
         break;
-
     }
 
     revtm = X509_gmtime_adj(NULL, 0);
@@ -2359,7 +2361,7 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
  * 2 OK and some extensions added (i.e. V2 CRL)
  */
 
-int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str)
+static int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str)
 {
     char *tmp = NULL;
     int reason_code = -1;
@@ -2415,8 +2417,10 @@ int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str)
 
 static int old_entry_print(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj, const ASN1_STRING *str)
 {
-    char buf[25], *pbuf, *p;
+    char buf[25], *pbuf;
+    const char *p;
     int j;
+
     j = i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bio_err, obj);
     pbuf = buf;
     for (j = 22 - j; j > 0; j--)
@@ -2436,7 +2440,7 @@ static int old_entry_print(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj, const ASN1_STRING *str)
     else
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ASN.1 %2d:'", str->type);
 
-    p = (char *)str->data;
+    p = (const char *)str->data;
     for (j = str->length; j > 0; j--) {
         if ((*p >= ' ') && (*p <= '~'))
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "%c", *p);
@@ -2507,9 +2511,9 @@ int unpack_revinfo(ASN1_TIME **prevtm, int *preason, ASN1_OBJECT **phold,
             goto end;
         }
 
-        if (reason_code == 7)
+        if (reason_code == 7) {
             reason_code = OCSP_REVOKED_STATUS_REMOVEFROMCRL;
-        else if (reason_code == 8) { /* Hold instruction */
+        else if (reason_code == 8) { /* Hold instruction */
             if (!arg_str) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "missing hold instruction\n");
                 goto end;