INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
---------------------------------
- [Installation on Windows, OpenVMS and MacOS (before MacOS X) is described
- in INSTALL.W32, INSTALL.VMS and INSTALL.MacOS.]
+ [Installation on DOS (with djgpp), Windows, MacOS (before MacOS X)
+ and NetWare is described in INSTALL.DJGPP, INSTALL.WIN, INSTALL.MacOS
+ and INSTALL.NW.
+
+ This document describes installation on the main supported operating
+ systems, currently the Unix family and OpenVMS.]
To install OpenSSL, you will need:
* make
- * Perl 5
+ * Perl 5 with core modules (please read README.PERL)
+ * The perl module Text::Template (please read README.PERL)
* an ANSI C compiler
* a development environment in form of development libraries and C
header files
- * a supported Unix operating system
+ * a supported operating system
+
+ For more details regarding specific platforms, there are these notes
+ available:
+
+ * NOTES.VMS
Quick Start
-----------
If you want to just get on with it, do:
- $ ./config
- $ make
- $ make test
- $ make install
+ on Unix:
+
+ $ ./config
+ $ make
+ $ make test
+ $ make install
+
+ on OpenVMS:
+
+ $ @config
+ $ mms
+ $ mms test
+ $ mms install
[If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]
- This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is (for
- historical reasons) /usr/local/ssl. If you want to install it anywhere else,
- run config like this:
+ This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is:
+
+ Unix: normal installation directories under /usr/local
+ OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version'...], where 'version' is the
+ OpenSSL version number ('major'_'minor').
+
+ If you want to install it anywhere else, run config like this:
- $ ./config --prefix=/usr/local --openssldir=/usr/local/openssl
+ On Unix:
+
+ $ ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl
+
+ On OpenVMS:
+
+ $ @config --prefix=PROGRAM:[INSTALLS] --openssldir=SYS$MANAGER:[OPENSSL]
Configuration Options
There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
the build:
- --prefix=DIR Install in DIR/bin, DIR/lib, DIR/include/openssl.
- Configuration files used by OpenSSL will be in DIR/ssl
- or the directory specified by --openssldir.
+ --prefix=DIR The top of the installation directory tree. Defaults are:
+
+ Unix: /usr/local
+ OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version']
+
+ --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL configuration files, and also the
+ default certificate and key store. Defaults are:
+
+ Unix: PREFIX/ssl (PREFIX is given by --prefix)
+ OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[SSL]
+
+ no-autoalginit Don't automatically load all supported ciphers and digests.
+ Typically OpenSSL will make available all of its supported
+ ciphers and digests. For a statically linked application this
+ may be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
+ This only affects libcrypto. Ciphers and digests will have to be
+ loaded manually using EVP_add_cipher() and EVP_add_digest() if
+ this option is used.
- --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL files. If no prefix is specified,
- the library files and binaries are also installed there.
+ no-autoerrinit Don't automatically load all libcrypto/libssl error strings.
+ Typically OpenSSL will automatically load human readable error
+ strings. For a statically linked application this may be
+ undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
no-threads Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
applications.
This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
See "Note on multi-threading" below.
+ no-zlib Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and
+ decompression.
+
+ zlib Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.
+
+ zlib-dynamic Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library dynamically
+ when needed. This is only supported on systems where loading
+ of shared libraries is supported. This is the default choice.
+
no-shared Don't try to create shared libraries.
shared In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
no-asm Do not use assembler code.
- 386 Use the 80386 instruction set only (the default x86 code is
- more efficient, but requires at least a 486).
+ 386 On Intel hardware, use the 80386 instruction set only
+ (the default x86 code is more efficient, but requires at
+ least a 486). Note: Use compiler flags for any other CPU
+ specific configuration, e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on
+ an x64 system.
+
+ no-sse2 Exclude SSE2 code pathes. Normally SSE2 extension is
+ detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the
+ machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU
+ capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS
+ kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4
+ processor, then your application might be exposed to
+ "illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way
+ to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be
+ compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to
+ disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up,
+ but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel,
+ consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-asm options above imply
+ no-sse2.
no-<cipher> Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
"make depend".
- -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -Kxxx These system specific options will
+ -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -mXXX, -Kxxx These system specific options will
be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
library directories or other compiler options.
1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:
- $ ./config [options]
+ $ ./config [options] # Unix
+
+ or
+
+ $ @config [options] ! OpenVMS
+
+ For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
+ examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run
- $ ./Configure
+ $ ./Configure # Unix
+
+ or
+
+ $ perl Configure # All other platforms
+
+ For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
+ examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.
Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc". When
you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
- as the argument to ./Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
+ as the argument to Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
run:
$ ./Configure linux-elf [options]
- If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
- program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
- generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
- systems.
+ If your system isn't listed, you will have to create a configuration
+ file named Configurations/{something}.conf and add the correct
+ configuration for your system. See the available configs as examples
+ and read Configurations/README and Configurations/README.design for
+ more information.
+
+ The generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
+ Unix-like systems.
- Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.org and
+ Configure creates a build file ("Makefile" on Unix and "descrip.mms"
+ on OpenVMS) from a suitable template in Configurations, and
defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
crypto/opensslconf.h.in).
+ 1c. Configure OpenSSL for building outside of the source tree.
+
+ OpenSSL can be configured to build in a build directory separate from
+ the directory with the source code. It's done by placing yourself in
+ some other directory and invoking the configuration commands from
+ there.
+
+ Unix example:
+
+ $ mkdir /var/tmp/openssl-build
+ $ cd /var/tmp/openssl-build
+ $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/config [options]
+
+ or
+
+ $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/Configure [target] [options]
+
+ OpenVMS example:
+
+ $ set default sys$login:
+ $ create/dir [.tmp.openssl-build]
+ $ set default [.tmp.openssl-build]
+ $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]config {options}
+
+ or
+
+ $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]Configure {target} {options}
+
+ Paths can be relative just as well as absolute. Configure will
+ do its best to translate them to relative paths whenever possible.
+
2. Build OpenSSL by running:
- $ make
+ $ make # Unix
+ $ mms ! (or mmk) OpenVMS
- This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a) and the
- OpenSSL binary ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level
- directory, and the binary will be in the "apps" directory.
+ This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a on
+ Unix, corresponding on other platforms) and the OpenSSL binary
+ ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level directory,
+ and the binary will be in the "apps" subdirectory.
- If "make" fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
+ If the build fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
standard headers). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
- report the problem to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org> (note that your
- message will be forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the
- output of "make report" in your message.
+ report the problem to <rt@openssl.org> (note that your message
+ will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable at
+ https://www.openssl.org/community/index.html#bugs and will be
+ forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the output of "make
+ report" in your message. Please check out the request tracker. Maybe
+ the bug was already reported or has already been fixed.
[If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
configuration option as an immediate fix.]
3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:
- $ make test
-
- If a test fails, look at the output. There may be reasons for
- the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a missing
- or malfunctioning bc). If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself,
- try removing any compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line
- in Makefile.ssl and run "make clean; make". Please send a bug
- report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, including the output of
- "make report".
-
- 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
+ $ make test # Unix
+ $ mms test ! OpenVMS
- $ make install
+ If some tests fail, look at the output. There may be reasons for
+ the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a
+ malfunction with Perl). You may want increased verbosity, that
+ can be accomplished like this:
- This will create the installation directory (if it does not exist) and
- then the following subdirectories:
+ $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make test # Unix
- certs Initially empty, this is the default location
- for certificate files.
- man/man1 Manual pages for the 'openssl' command line tool
- man/man3 Manual pages for the libraries (very incomplete)
- misc Various scripts.
- private Initially empty, this is the default location
- for private key files.
+ $ DEFINE HARNESS_VERBOSE YES
+ $ mms test ! OpenVMS
- If you didn't choose a different installation prefix, the
- following additional subdirectories will be created:
+ If you want to run just one or a few specific tests, you can use
+ the make variable TESTS to specify them, like this:
- bin Contains the openssl binary and a few other
- utility programs.
- include/openssl Contains the header files needed if you want to
- compile programs with libcrypto or libssl.
- lib Contains the OpenSSL library files themselves.
+ $ make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test # Unix
+ $ mms/macro="TESTS=test_rsa test_dsa" test ! OpenVMS
- Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
- locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
- it can easily be packaged, can use
+ And of course, you can combine (Unix example shown):
+
+ $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test
- $ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install
+ You can find the list of available tests like this:
- (or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure
- option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all
- installation target filenames.
+ $ make list-tests # Unix
+ $ mms list-tests ! OpenVMS
+ Have a look at the manual for the perl module Test::Harness to
+ see what other HARNESS_* variables there are.
- NOTE: The header files used to reside directly in the include
- directory, but have now been moved to include/openssl so that
- OpenSSL can co-exist with other libraries which use some of the
- same filenames. This means that applications that use OpenSSL
- should now use C preprocessor directives of the form
+ If you find a problem with OpenSSL itself, try removing any
+ compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line in Makefile and
+ run "make clean; make" or corresponding.
- #include <openssl/ssl.h>
+ Please send a bug report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, and when
+ you do, please run the following and include the output in your
+ report:
- instead of "#include <ssl.h>", which was used with library versions
- up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
+ $ make report
- If you install a new version of OpenSSL over an old library version,
- you should delete the old header files in the include directory.
-
- Compatibility issues:
-
- * COMPILING existing applications
-
- To compile an application that uses old filenames -- e.g.
- "#include <ssl.h>" --, it will usually be enough to find
- the CFLAGS definition in the application's Makefile and
- add a C option such as
-
- -I/usr/local/ssl/include/openssl
+ 4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with
- to it.
+ $ make install # Unix
+ $ mms install ! OpenVMS
+
+ This will install all the software components in this directory
+ tree under PREFIX (the directory given with --prefix or its
+ default):
+
+ Unix:
+
+ bin/ Contains the openssl binary and a few other
+ utility scripts.
+ include/openssl
+ Contains the header files needed if you want
+ to build your own programs that use libcrypto
+ or libssl.
+ lib Contains the OpenSSL library files.
+ lib/engines Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
+ share/man/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
+ Contains the OpenSSL man-pages.
+ share/doc/openssl/html{man1,man3,man5,man7}
+ Contains the HTML rendition of the man-pages.
+
+ OpenVMS ('arch' is replaced with the architecture name, "Alpha"
+ or "ia64"):
+
+ [.EXE.'arch'] Contains the openssl binary and a few other
+ utility scripts.
+ [.include.openssl]
+ Contains the header files needed if you want
+ to build your own programs that use libcrypto
+ or libssl.
+ [.LIB.'arch'] Contains the OpenSSL library files.
+ [.ENGINES.'arch']
+ Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
+ [.SYS$STARTUP] Contains startup, login and shutdown scripts.
+ These define appropriate logical names and
+ command symbols.
+
+
+ Additionally, install will add the following directories under
+ OPENSSLDIR (the directory given with --openssldir or its default)
+ for you convenience:
+
+ certs Initially empty, this is the default location
+ for certificate files.
+ private Initially empty, this is the default location
+ for private key files.
+ misc Various scripts.
- But don't delete the existing -I option that points to
- the ..../include directory! Otherwise, OpenSSL header files
- could not #include each other.
+ Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
+ locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
+ it can easily be packaged, can use
- * WRITING applications
+ $ make DESTDIR=/tmp/package-root install # Unix
+ $ mms/macro="DESTDIR=TMP:[PACKAGE-ROOT]" install ! OpenVMS
- To write an application that is able to handle both the new
- and the old directory layout, so that it can still be compiled
- with library versions up to OpenSSL 0.9.2b without bothering
- the user, you can proceed as follows:
+ The specified destination directory will be prepended to all
+ installation target paths.
- - Always use the new filename of OpenSSL header files,
- e.g. #include <openssl/ssl.h>.
+ Compatibility issues with previous OpenSSL versions:
- - Create a directory "incl" that contains only a symbolic
- link named "openssl", which points to the "include" directory
- of OpenSSL.
- For example, your application's Makefile might contain the
- following rule, if OPENSSLDIR is a pathname (absolute or
- relative) of the directory where OpenSSL resides:
+ * COMPILING existing applications
- incl/openssl:
- -mkdir incl
- cd $(OPENSSLDIR) # Check whether the directory really exists
- -ln -s `cd $(OPENSSLDIR); pwd`/include incl/openssl
+ OpenSSL 1.1 hides a number of structures that were previously
+ open. This includes all internal libssl structures and a number
+ of EVP types. Accessor functions have been added to allow
+ controlled access to the structures' data.
- You will have to add "incl/openssl" to the dependencies
- of those C files that include some OpenSSL header file.
+ This means that some software needs to be rewritten to adapt to
+ the new ways of doing things. This often amounts to allocating
+ an instance of a structure explicitly where you could previously
+ allocate them on the stack as automatic variables, and using the
+ provided accessor functions where you would previously access a
+ structure's field directly.
- - Add "-Iincl" to your CFLAGS.
+ <TBA>
- With these additions, the OpenSSL header files will be available
- under both name variants if an old library version is used:
- Your application can reach them under names like <openssl/foo.h>,
- while the header files still are able to #include each other
- with names of the form <foo.h>.
+ Some APIs have changed as well. However, older APIs have been
+ preserved when possible.
Note on multi-threading
you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
from the Configure script.)
+ OpenSSL provides built-in support for two threading models: pthreads (found on
+ most UNIX/Linux systems), and Windows threads. No other threading models are
+ supported. If your platform does not provide pthreads or Windows threads then
+ you should Configure with the "no-threads" option.
Note on shared libraries
------------------------
- Shared library is currently an experimental feature. The only reason to
- have them would be to conserve memory on systems where several program
- are using OpenSSL. Binary backward compatibility can't be guaranteed
- before OpenSSL version 1.0.
+ Shared libraries have certain caveats. Binary backward compatibility
+ can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0. The only reason to
+ use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs
+ are using OpenSSL.
For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl. On these systems,
targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared. Those targets
can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected
to change in future versions of OpenSSL.
+
+ Note on random number generation
+ --------------------------------
+
+ Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
+ secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
+ internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse
+ to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
+ On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary
+ to install additional support software to obtain random seed.
+ Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(),
+ and the FAQ for more information.
+
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