=pod
{- OpenSSL::safe::output_do_not_edit_headers(); -}

=head1 NAME

openssl-pkcs12 - PKCS#12 file command

=head1 SYNOPSIS

B<openssl> B<pkcs12>
[B<-help>]
[B<-export>]
[B<-chain>]
[B<-untrusted> I<filename>]
[B<-inkey> I<file_or_id>]
[B<-certfile> I<filename>]
[B<-passcerts> I<arg>]
[B<-name> I<name>]
[B<-caname> I<name>]
[B<-in> I<filename>]
[B<-out> I<filename>]
[B<-noout>]
[B<-nomacver>]
[B<-nocerts>]
[B<-clcerts>]
[B<-cacerts>]
[B<-nokeys>]
[B<-info>]
[B<-des>]
[B<-des3>]
[B<-idea>]
[B<-aes128>]
[B<-aes192>]
[B<-aes256>]
[B<-aria128>]
[B<-aria192>]
[B<-aria256>]
[B<-camellia128>]
[B<-camellia192>]
[B<-camellia256>]
[B<-noenc>]
[B<-nodes>]
[B<-iter> I<count>]
[B<-noiter>]
[B<-nomaciter>]
[B<-maciter>]
[B<-nomac>]
[B<-twopass>]
[B<-legacy>]
[B<-descert>]
[B<-certpbe> I<cipher>]
[B<-keypbe> I<cipher>]
[B<-macalg> I<digest>]
[B<-keyex>]
[B<-keysig>]
[B<-password> I<arg>]
[B<-passin> I<arg>]
[B<-passout> I<arg>]
[B<-LMK>]
[B<-CSP> I<name>]
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_synopsis -}
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_synopsis -}
{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_synopsis -}{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_synopsis -}

=for openssl ifdef engine

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This command allows PKCS#12 files (sometimes referred to as
PFX files) to be created and parsed. PKCS#12 files are used by several
programs including Netscape, MSIE and MS Outlook.

=head1 OPTIONS

There are a lot of options the meaning of some depends of whether a PKCS#12 file
is being created or parsed. By default a PKCS#12 file is parsed.
A PKCS#12 file can be created by using the B<-export> option (see below).
Many further options such as B<-chain> make sense only with B<-export>.
The default encryption algorithm is AES-256-CBC with PBKDF2 for key derivation.

=head1 PARSING OPTIONS

=over 4

=item B<-help>

Print out a usage message.

=item B<-in> I<filename>

This specifies the input filename or URI.
Standard input is used by default.
Without the B<-export> option this is a PKCS#12 file to be parsed.
With the B<-export> option this is a file with certificates and possibly a key.

=item B<-out> I<filename>

The filename to write certificates and private keys to, standard output by
default.  They are all written in PEM format.

=item B<-password> I<arg>

With B<-export>, B<-password> is equivalent to B<-passout>,
otherwise it is equivalent to B<-passin>.

=item B<-noout>

This option inhibits credentials output,
and so the PKCS#12 input is just verified.

=item B<-clcerts>

Only output client certificates (not CA certificates).

=item B<-cacerts>

Only output CA certificates (not client certificates).

=item B<-nocerts>

No certificates at all will be output.

=item B<-nokeys>

No private keys will be output.

=item B<-info>

Output additional information about the PKCS#12 file structure, algorithms
used and iteration counts.

=item B<-des>

Use DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.

=item B<-des3>

Use triple DES to encrypt private keys before outputting.

=item B<-idea>

Use IDEA to encrypt private keys before outputting.

=item B<-aes128>, B<-aes192>, B<-aes256>

Use AES to encrypt private keys before outputting.

=item B<-aria128>, B<-aria192>, B<-aria256>

Use ARIA to encrypt private keys before outputting.

=item B<-camellia128>, B<-camellia192>, B<-camellia256>

Use Camellia to encrypt private keys before outputting.

=item B<-noenc>

Don't encrypt the private keys at all.

=item B<-nodes>

This option is deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0; use B<-noenc> instead.

=item B<-nomacver>

Don't attempt to verify the integrity MAC before reading the file.

=item B<-twopass>

Prompt for separate integrity and encryption passwords: most software
always assumes these are the same so this option will render such
PKCS#12 files unreadable. Cannot be used in combination with the options
B<-password>, B<-passin> if importing, or B<-passout> if exporting.

=item B<-legacy>

Use legacy mode of operation and automatically load the legacy provider.
In the legacy mode, the default algorithm for certificate encryption
is RC2_CBC or 3DES_CBC depending on whether the RC2 cipher is enabled
in the build. The default algorithm for private key encryption is 3DES_CBC.
If the legacy option is not specified, then the legacy provider is not loaded
and the default encryption algorithm for both certificates and private keys is
AES_256_CBC with PBKDF2 for key derivation by default.

=back

=head1 FILE CREATION OPTIONS

=over 4

=item B<-export>

This option specifies that a PKCS#12 file will be created rather than
parsed.

=item B<-out> I<filename>

This specifies filename to write the PKCS#12 file to. Standard output is used
by default.

=item B<-in> I<filename>

The filename or URI to read certificates and private keys from, standard input
by default. They can be in PEM, DER, or PKCS#12 format.
The order doesn't matter but one private key and
its corresponding certificate should be present. If additional
certificates are present they will also be included in the PKCS#12 file.

=item B<-inkey> I<file_or_id>

File to read private key from for PKCS12 output.
If not present then the input file (B<-in> argument) must contain a private key.
If no engine is used, the argument is taken as a file; if an engine is
specified, the argument is given to the engine as a key identifier.

=item B<-name> I<friendlyname>

This specifies the "friendly name" for the certificate and private key. This
name is typically displayed in list boxes by software importing the file.

=item B<-certfile> I<filename>

An input file with extra certificates to be added to the PKCS12 output
if the B<-export> option is given.

=item B<-untrusted> I<filename>

An input file of untrusted certificates that may be used
for chain building, which is relevant only when a PKCS#12 file is created
with the B<-export> option and the B<-chain> option is given as well.
Any certificates that are actually part of the chain are added to the output.

=item B<-passcerts> I<arg>

The password source for certificate input such as B<-certfile>
and B<-untrusted>.
For more information about the format of B<arg>
see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.

=item B<-caname> I<friendlyname>

This specifies the "friendly name" for other certificates. This option may be
used multiple times to specify names for all certificates in the order they
appear. Netscape ignores friendly names on other certificates whereas MSIE
displays them.

=item B<-passin> I<arg>, B<-passout> I<arg>

The password source for the input, and for encrypting any private keys that
are output.
For more information about the format of B<arg>
see L<openssl(1)/Pass Phrase Options>.

=item B<-chain>

If this option is present then the certificate chain of the end entity
certificate is built and included in the PKCS#12 output file.
The end entity certificate is the first one read from the B<-in> file
if no key is given, else the first certificate matching the given key.
The standard CA trust store is used for chain building,
as well as any untrusted CA certificates given with the B<-untrusted> option.

=item B<-descert>

Encrypt the certificate using triple DES, this may render the PKCS#12
file unreadable by some "export grade" software. By default the private
key and the certificates are encrypted using AES-256-CBC unless
the '-legacy' option is used. If '-descert' is used with the '-legacy'
then both, the private key and the certificate are encrypted using triple DES.

=item B<-keypbe> I<alg>, B<-certpbe> I<alg>

These options allow the algorithm used to encrypt the private key and
certificates to be selected. Any PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 PBE algorithm name
can be used (see L</NOTES> section for more information). If a cipher name
(as output by C<openssl list -cipher-algorithms>) is specified then it
is used with PKCS#5 v2.0. For interoperability reasons it is advisable to only
use PKCS#12 algorithms.

Special value C<NONE> disables encryption of the private key and certificate.

=item B<-keyex>|B<-keysig>

Specifies that the private key is to be used for key exchange or just signing.
This option is only interpreted by MSIE and similar MS software. Normally
"export grade" software will only allow 512 bit RSA keys to be used for
encryption purposes but arbitrary length keys for signing. The B<-keysig>
option marks the key for signing only. Signing only keys can be used for
S/MIME signing, authenticode (ActiveX control signing)  and SSL client
authentication, however, due to a bug only MSIE 5.0 and later support
the use of signing only keys for SSL client authentication.

=item B<-macalg> I<digest>

Specify the MAC digest algorithm. If not included them SHA1 will be used.

=item B<-iter> I<count>

This option specifies the iteration count for the encryption key and MAC. The
default value is 2048.

To discourage attacks by using large dictionaries of common passwords the
algorithm that derives keys from passwords can have an iteration count applied
to it: this causes a certain part of the algorithm to be repeated and slows it
down. The MAC is used to check the file integrity but since it will normally
have the same password as the keys and certificates it could also be attacked.

=item B<-nomaciter>, B<-noiter>

By default both MAC and encryption iteration counts are set to 2048, using
these options the MAC and encryption iteration counts can be set to 1, since
this reduces the file security you should not use these options unless you
really have to. Most software supports both MAC and key iteration counts.
MSIE 4.0 doesn't support MAC iteration counts so it needs the B<-nomaciter>
option.

=item B<-maciter>

This option is included for compatibility with previous versions, it used
to be needed to use MAC iterations counts but they are now used by default.

=item B<-nomac>

Don't attempt to provide the MAC integrity.

=item B<-LMK>

Add the "Local Key Set" identifier to the attributes.

=item B<-CSP> I<name>

Write I<name> as a Microsoft CSP name.

{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_trust_item -}

{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_r_item -}

{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_engine_item -}

{- $OpenSSL::safe::opt_provider_item -}

=back

=head1 NOTES

Although there are a large number of options most of them are very rarely
used. For PKCS#12 file parsing only B<-in> and B<-out> need to be used
for PKCS#12 file creation B<-export> and B<-name> are also used.

If none of the B<-clcerts>, B<-cacerts> or B<-nocerts> options are present
then all certificates will be output in the order they appear in the input
PKCS#12 files. There is no guarantee that the first certificate present is
the one corresponding to the private key. Certain software which requires
a private key and certificate and assumes the first certificate in the
file is the one corresponding to the private key: this may not always
be the case. Using the B<-clcerts> option will solve this problem by only
outputting the certificate corresponding to the private key. If the CA
certificates are required then they can be output to a separate file using
the B<-nokeys> B<-cacerts> options to just output CA certificates.

The B<-keypbe> and B<-certpbe> algorithms allow the precise encryption
algorithms for private keys and certificates to be specified. Normally
the defaults are fine but occasionally software can't handle triple DES
encrypted private keys, then the option B<-keypbe> I<PBE-SHA1-RC2-40> can
be used to reduce the private key encryption to 40 bit RC2. A complete
description of all algorithms is contained in L<openssl-pkcs8(1)>.

Prior 1.1 release passwords containing non-ASCII characters were encoded
in non-compliant manner, which limited interoperability, in first hand
with Windows. But switching to standard-compliant password encoding
poses problem accessing old data protected with broken encoding. For
this reason even legacy encodings is attempted when reading the
data. If you use PKCS#12 files in production application you are advised
to convert the data, because implemented heuristic approach is not
MT-safe, its sole goal is to facilitate the data upgrade with this
command.

=head1 EXAMPLES

Parse a PKCS#12 file and output it to a file:

 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem

Output only client certificates to a file:

 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -clcerts -out file.pem

Don't encrypt the private key:

 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -out file.pem -noenc

Print some info about a PKCS#12 file:

 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout

Print some info about a PKCS#12 file in legacy mode:

 openssl pkcs12 -in file.p12 -info -noout -legacy

Create a PKCS#12 file:

 openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate"

Include some extra certificates:

 openssl pkcs12 -export -in file.pem -out file.p12 -name "My Certificate" \
  -certfile othercerts.pem

Export a PKCS#12 file with default algorithms as in the legacy provider:

 openssl pkcs12 -export -in cert.pem -inkey key.pem -out file.p12 -legacy

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<openssl(1)>,
L<openssl-pkcs8(1)>,
L<ossl_store-file(7)>

=head1 HISTORY

The B<-engine> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
The B<-nodes> option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0, too; use B<-noenc> instead.

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright 2000-2020 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

=cut