6 PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey,
7 PEM_read_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_read_PrivateKey,
8 PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey,
9 PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional,
10 PEM_write_PrivateKey_ex, PEM_write_PrivateKey,
11 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey,
12 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid,
13 PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY_ex, PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY,
14 PEM_read_PUBKEY_ex, PEM_read_PUBKEY,
15 PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY_ex, PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY,
16 PEM_write_PUBKEY_ex, PEM_write_PUBKEY,
17 PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey,
18 PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey,
19 PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey, PEM_read_RSAPublicKey, PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey,
20 PEM_write_RSAPublicKey, PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY,
21 PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey,
22 PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey,
23 PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY,
24 PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_bio_Parameters_ex, PEM_read_bio_Parameters,
25 PEM_write_bio_Parameters, PEM_read_bio_DSAparams, PEM_read_DSAparams,
26 PEM_write_bio_DSAparams, PEM_write_DSAparams, PEM_read_bio_DHparams,
27 PEM_read_DHparams, PEM_write_bio_DHparams, PEM_write_DHparams,
28 PEM_read_bio_X509, PEM_read_X509, PEM_write_bio_X509, PEM_write_X509,
29 PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX, PEM_read_X509_AUX, PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX,
30 PEM_write_X509_AUX, PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ, PEM_read_X509_REQ,
31 PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ, PEM_write_X509_REQ, PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW,
32 PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW, PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL, PEM_read_X509_CRL,
33 PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL, PEM_write_X509_CRL, PEM_read_bio_PKCS7, PEM_read_PKCS7,
34 PEM_write_bio_PKCS7, PEM_write_PKCS7 - PEM routines
38 #include <openssl/pem.h>
40 typedef int pem_password_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u);
42 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
43 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
44 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
45 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
46 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
47 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PrivateKey_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x, pem_password_cb *cb,
48 void *u, OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx,
50 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
51 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
52 int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_ex(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x,
53 const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
54 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
55 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
56 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
57 int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
58 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
59 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
60 int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
61 const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
62 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
63 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
64 int PEM_write_PrivateKey_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
65 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
66 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
67 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
68 int PEM_write_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
69 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
70 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
71 int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
73 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
74 int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
76 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
77 int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
79 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
80 int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(FILE *fp, const EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
82 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
84 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
85 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
86 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
87 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
88 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
89 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PUBKEY_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
90 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u,
91 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
92 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
93 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
94 int PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
95 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
96 int PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x);
97 int PEM_write_PUBKEY_ex(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x,
98 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
99 int PEM_write_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x);
101 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_Parameters_ex(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
102 OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
103 EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_Parameters(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x);
104 int PEM_write_bio_Parameters(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x);
106 X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
107 X509 *PEM_read_X509(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
108 int PEM_write_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
109 int PEM_write_X509(FILE *fp, X509 *x);
111 X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
112 X509 *PEM_read_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
113 int PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
114 int PEM_write_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 *x);
116 X509_REQ *PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ **x,
117 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
118 X509_REQ *PEM_read_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ **x,
119 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
120 int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x);
121 int PEM_write_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x);
122 int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x);
123 int PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x);
125 X509_CRL *PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL **x,
126 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
127 X509_CRL *PEM_read_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL **x,
128 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
129 int PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL *x);
130 int PEM_write_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL *x);
132 PKCS7 *PEM_read_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
133 PKCS7 *PEM_read_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
134 int PEM_write_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 *x);
135 int PEM_write_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 *x);
137 Deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, can be hidden entirely by defining
138 B<OPENSSL_API_COMPAT> with a suitable version value, see
139 L<openssl_user_macros(7)>:
141 RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
142 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
143 RSA *PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
144 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
145 int PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
146 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
147 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
148 int PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
149 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
150 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
152 RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
153 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
154 RSA *PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
155 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
156 int PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x);
157 int PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x);
159 RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
160 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
161 RSA *PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
162 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
163 int PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA *x);
164 int PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA *x);
166 DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA **x,
167 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
168 DSA *PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA **x,
169 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
170 int PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
171 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
172 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
173 int PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
174 unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
175 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
177 DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA **x,
178 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
179 DSA *PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA **x,
180 pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
181 int PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA *x);
182 int PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA *x);
183 DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
184 DSA *PEM_read_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
185 int PEM_write_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA *x);
186 int PEM_write_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA *x);
188 DH *PEM_read_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
189 DH *PEM_read_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
190 int PEM_write_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH *x);
191 int PEM_write_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH *x);
195 All of the functions described on this page that have a I<TYPE> of B<DH>, B<DSA>
196 and B<RSA> are deprecated. Applications should use OSSL_ENCODER_to_bio() and
197 OSSL_DECODER_from_bio() instead.
199 The PEM functions read or write structures in PEM format. In
200 this sense PEM format is simply base64 encoded data surrounded
203 For more details about the meaning of arguments see the
204 B<PEM FUNCTION ARGUMENTS> section.
206 Each operation has four functions associated with it. For
207 brevity the term "B<I<TYPE>> functions" will be used below to collectively
208 refer to the B<PEM_read_bio_I<TYPE>>(), B<PEM_read_I<TYPE>>(),
209 B<PEM_write_bio_I<TYPE>>(), and B<PEM_write_I<TYPE>>() functions.
211 Some operations have additional variants that take a library context I<libctx>
212 and a property query string I<propq>.
214 The B<PrivateKey> functions read or write a private key in PEM format using
215 an EVP_PKEY structure. The write routines use PKCS#8 private key format and are
216 equivalent to PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(). The read functions transparently
217 handle traditional and PKCS#8 format encrypted and unencrypted keys.
219 PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional() writes out a private key in the
220 "traditional" format with a simple private key marker and should only
221 be used for compatibility with legacy programs.
223 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() write a private
224 key in an EVP_PKEY structure in PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo format using
225 PKCS#5 v2.0 password based encryption algorithms. The I<cipher> argument
226 specifies the encryption algorithm to use: unlike some other PEM routines the
227 encryption is applied at the PKCS#8 level and not in the PEM headers. If
228 I<cipher> is NULL then no encryption is used and a PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo
229 structure is used instead.
231 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid()
232 also write out a private key as a PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo however
233 it uses PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 encryption algorithms instead. The algorithm
234 to use is specified in the I<nid> parameter and should be the NID of the
235 corresponding OBJECT IDENTIFIER (see NOTES section).
237 The B<PUBKEY> functions process a public key using an EVP_PKEY
238 structure. The public key is encoded as a SubjectPublicKeyInfo
241 The B<RSAPrivateKey> functions process an RSA private key using an
242 RSA structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
243 routines handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
244 functions but an error occurs if the private key is not RSA.
246 The B<RSAPublicKey> functions process an RSA public key using an
247 RSA structure. The public key is encoded using a PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey
250 The B<RSA_PUBKEY> functions also process an RSA public key using
251 an RSA structure. However, the public key is encoded using a
252 SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the public
255 The B<DSAPrivateKey> functions process a DSA private key using a
256 DSA structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
257 routines handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
258 functions but an error occurs if the private key is not DSA.
260 The B<DSA_PUBKEY> functions process a DSA public key using
261 a DSA structure. The public key is encoded using a
262 SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the public
265 The B<Parameters> functions read or write key parameters in PEM format using
266 an EVP_PKEY structure. The encoding depends on the type of key; for DSA key
267 parameters, it will be a Dss-Parms structure as defined in RFC2459, and for DH
268 key parameters, it will be a PKCS#3 DHparameter structure. I<These functions
269 only exist for the B<BIO> type>.
271 The B<DSAparams> functions process DSA parameters using a DSA
272 structure. The parameters are encoded using a Dss-Parms structure
273 as defined in RFC2459.
275 The B<DHparams> functions process DH parameters using a DH
276 structure. The parameters are encoded using a PKCS#3 DHparameter
279 The B<X509> functions process an X509 certificate using an X509
280 structure. They will also process a trusted X509 certificate but
281 any trust settings are discarded.
283 The B<X509_AUX> functions process a trusted X509 certificate using
286 The B<X509_REQ> and B<X509_REQ_NEW> functions process a PKCS#10
287 certificate request using an X509_REQ structure. The B<X509_REQ>
288 write functions use B<CERTIFICATE REQUEST> in the header whereas
289 the B<X509_REQ_NEW> functions use B<NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST>
290 (as required by some CAs). The B<X509_REQ> read functions will
291 handle either form so there are no B<X509_REQ_NEW> read functions.
293 The B<X509_CRL> functions process an X509 CRL using an X509_CRL
296 The B<PKCS7> functions process a PKCS#7 ContentInfo using a PKCS7
299 =head1 PEM FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
301 The PEM functions have many common arguments.
303 The I<bp> BIO parameter (if present) specifies the BIO to read from
306 The I<fp> FILE parameter (if present) specifies the FILE pointer to
307 read from or write to.
309 The PEM read functions all take an argument I<B<TYPE> **x> and return
310 a I<B<TYPE> *> pointer. Where I<B<TYPE>> is whatever structure the function
311 uses. If I<x> is NULL then the parameter is ignored. If I<x> is not
312 NULL but I<*x> is NULL then the structure returned will be written
313 to I<*x>. If neither I<x> nor I<*x> is NULL then an attempt is made
314 to reuse the structure at I<*x> (but see BUGS and EXAMPLES sections).
315 Irrespective of the value of I<x> a pointer to the structure is always
316 returned (or NULL if an error occurred).
318 The PEM functions which write private keys take an I<enc> parameter
319 which specifies the encryption algorithm to use, encryption is done
320 at the PEM level. If this parameter is set to NULL then the private
321 key is written in unencrypted form.
323 The I<cb> argument is the callback to use when querying for the pass
324 phrase used for encrypted PEM structures (normally only private keys).
326 For the PEM write routines if the I<kstr> parameter is not NULL then
327 I<klen> bytes at I<kstr> are used as the passphrase and I<cb> is
330 If the I<cb> parameters is set to NULL and the I<u> parameter is not
331 NULL then the I<u> parameter is interpreted as a null terminated string
332 to use as the passphrase. If both I<cb> and I<u> are NULL then the
333 default callback routine is used which will typically prompt for the
334 passphrase on the current terminal with echoing turned off.
336 The default passphrase callback is sometimes inappropriate (for example
337 in a GUI application) so an alternative can be supplied. The callback
338 routine has the following form:
340 int cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u);
342 I<buf> is the buffer to write the passphrase to. I<size> is the maximum
343 length of the passphrase (i.e. the size of buf). I<rwflag> is a flag
344 which is set to 0 when reading and 1 when writing. A typical routine
345 will ask the user to verify the passphrase (for example by prompting
346 for it twice) if I<rwflag> is 1. The I<u> parameter has the same
347 value as the I<u> parameter passed to the PEM routine. It allows
348 arbitrary data to be passed to the callback by the application
349 (for example a window handle in a GUI application). The callback
350 I<must> return the number of characters in the passphrase or -1 if
353 Some implementations may need to use cryptographic algorithms during their
354 operation. If this is the case and I<libctx> and I<propq> parameters have been
355 passed then any algorithm fetches will use that library context and property
356 query string. Otherwise the default library context and property query string
361 The old B<PrivateKey> write routines are retained for compatibility.
362 New applications should write private keys using the
363 PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() or PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() routines
364 because they are more secure (they use an iteration count of 2048 whereas
365 the traditional routines use a count of 1) unless compatibility with older
366 versions of OpenSSL is important.
368 The B<PrivateKey> read routines can be used in all applications because
369 they handle all formats transparently.
371 A frequent cause of problems is attempting to use the PEM routines like
376 PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL);
378 this is a bug because an attempt will be made to reuse the data at I<x>
379 which is an uninitialised pointer.
381 These functions make no assumption regarding the pass phrase received from the
383 It will simply be treated as a byte sequence.
385 =head1 PEM ENCRYPTION FORMAT
387 These old B<PrivateKey> routines use a non standard technique for encryption.
389 The private key (or other data) takes the following form:
391 -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
392 Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
393 DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,3F17F5316E2BAC89
395 ...base64 encoded data...
396 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
398 The line beginning with I<Proc-Type> contains the version and the
399 protection on the encapsulated data. The line beginning I<DEK-Info>
400 contains two comma separated values: the encryption algorithm name as
401 used by EVP_get_cipherbyname() and an initialization vector used by the
402 cipher encoded as a set of hexadecimal digits. After those two lines is
403 the base64-encoded encrypted data.
405 The encryption key is derived using EVP_BytesToKey(). The cipher's
406 initialization vector is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() as the I<salt>
407 parameter. Internally, B<PKCS5_SALT_LEN> bytes of the salt are used
408 (regardless of the size of the initialization vector). The user's
409 password is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() using the I<data> and I<datal>
410 parameters. Finally, the library uses an iteration count of 1 for
413 The I<key> derived by EVP_BytesToKey() along with the original initialization
414 vector is then used to decrypt the encrypted data. The I<iv> produced by
415 EVP_BytesToKey() is not utilized or needed, and NULL should be passed to
418 The pseudo code to derive the key would look similar to:
420 EVP_CIPHER* cipher = EVP_des_ede3_cbc();
421 EVP_MD* md = EVP_md5();
423 unsigned int nkey = EVP_CIPHER_get_key_length(cipher);
424 unsigned int niv = EVP_CIPHER_get_iv_length(cipher);
425 unsigned char key[nkey];
426 unsigned char iv[niv];
428 memcpy(iv, HexToBin("3F17F5316E2BAC89"), niv);
429 rc = EVP_BytesToKey(cipher, md, iv /*salt*/, pword, plen, 1, key, NULL /*iv*/);
433 /* On success, use key and iv to initialize the cipher */
437 The PEM read routines in some versions of OpenSSL will not correctly reuse
438 an existing structure. Therefore, the following:
440 PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL);
442 where I<x> already contains a valid certificate, may not work, whereas:
445 x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, NULL, 0, NULL);
447 is guaranteed to work.
451 The read routines return either a pointer to the structure read or NULL
452 if an error occurred.
454 The write routines return 1 for success or 0 for failure.
458 Although the PEM routines take several arguments in almost all applications
459 most of them are set to 0 or NULL.
461 To read a certificate with a library context in PEM format from a BIO:
463 X509 *x = X509_new_ex(libctx, NULL);
468 if (PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL) == NULL)
471 Read a certificate in PEM format from a BIO:
475 x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, NULL, 0, NULL);
483 if (!PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL))
486 Write a certificate to a BIO:
488 if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(bp, x))
491 Write a private key (using traditional format) to a BIO using
492 triple DES encryption, the pass phrase is prompted for:
494 if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(bp, key, EVP_des_ede3_cbc(), NULL, 0, 0, NULL))
497 Write a private key (using PKCS#8 format) to a BIO using triple
498 DES encryption, using the pass phrase "hello":
500 if (!PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(bp, key, EVP_des_ede3_cbc(),
501 NULL, 0, 0, "hello"))
504 Read a private key from a BIO using a pass phrase callback:
506 key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bp, NULL, pass_cb, "My Private Key");
510 Skeleton pass phrase callback:
512 int pass_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u)
515 /* We'd probably do something else if 'rwflag' is 1 */
516 printf("Enter pass phrase for \"%s\"\n", (char *)u);
518 /* get pass phrase, length 'len' into 'tmp' */
520 if (tmp == NULL) /* An error occurred */
523 size_t len = strlen(tmp);
527 memcpy(buf, tmp, len);
533 L<EVP_EncryptInit(3)>, L<EVP_BytesToKey(3)>,
534 L<passphrase-encoding(7)>
538 The old Netscape certificate sequences were no longer documented
539 in OpenSSL 1.1.0; applications should use the PKCS7 standard instead
540 as they will be formally deprecated in a future releases.
542 PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey_ex(), PEM_read_PrivateKey_ex(),
543 PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY_ex(), PEM_read_PUBKEY_ex() and
544 PEM_read_bio_Parameters_ex() were introduced in OpenSSL 3.0.
546 The functions PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(), PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(),
547 PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(), PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(),
548 PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(), PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(),
549 PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(), PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(),
550 PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(),
551 PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(),
552 PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey(), PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey(),
553 PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(), PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(),
554 PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY(),
555 PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(), PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY();
556 PEM_read_bio_DSAparams(), PEM_read_DSAparams(),
557 PEM_write_bio_DSAparams(), PEM_write_DSAparams(),
558 PEM_read_bio_DHparams(), PEM_read_DHparams(),
559 PEM_write_bio_DHparams() and PEM_write_DHparams() were deprecated in 3.0.
564 Copyright 2001-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
566 Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
567 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
568 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
569 L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.