5 openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
11 [ I<command_opts> ... ]
12 [ I<command_args> ... ]
16 B<-standard-commands> |
19 B<-cipher-algorithms> |
20 B<-digest-algorithms> |
22 B<-public-key-algorithms>
24 B<openssl> B<no->I<XXX> [ I<arbitrary options> ]
28 OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
29 v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
30 cryptography standards required by them.
32 The B<openssl> program is a command line tool for using the various
33 cryptography functions of OpenSSL's B<crypto> library from the shell.
36 o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
37 o Public key cryptographic operations
38 o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
39 o Calculation of Message Digests and Message Authentication Codes
40 o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
41 o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
42 o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
43 o Timestamp requests, generation and verification
45 =head1 COMMAND SUMMARY
47 The B<openssl> program provides a rich variety of sub-commands (I<command> in
48 the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
49 (I<command_opts> and I<command_args> in the SYNOPSIS).
51 Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available
52 (e.g., L<x509(1)> or L<openssl-x509(1)>).
54 Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their
55 arguments and have a B<-config> option to specify that file.
56 The environment variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> can be used to specify
57 the location of the file.
58 If the environment variable is not specified, then the file is named
59 F<openssl.cnf> in the default certificate storage area, whose value
60 depends on the configuration flags specified when the OpenSSL
63 The list options B<-standard-commands>, B<-digest-commands>,
64 and B<-cipher-commands> output a list (one entry per line) of the names
65 of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
66 respectively, that are available.
68 The list parameters B<-cipher-algorithms>, B<-digest-algorithms>,
69 and B<-mac-algorithms> list all cipher, message digest, and message
70 authentication code names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
74 The list parameter B<-public-key-algorithms> lists all supported public
77 The command B<no->I<XXX> tests whether a command of the
78 specified name is available. If no command named I<XXX> exists, it
79 returns 0 (success) and prints B<no->I<XXX>; otherwise it returns 1
80 and prints I<XXX>. In both cases, the output goes to B<stdout> and
81 nothing is printed to B<stderr>. Additional command line arguments
82 are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
83 same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
84 availability of ciphers in the B<openssl> program. (B<no->I<XXX> is
85 not able to detect pseudo-commands such as B<quit>,
86 B<list>, or B<no->I<XXX> itself.)
88 =head2 Standard Sub-commands
94 Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
98 Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
102 Cipher Suite Description Determination.
106 CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
110 Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
114 CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
118 Message Digest calculation. MAC calculations are superseded by
123 Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
124 Obsoleted by L<openssl-dhparam(1)>.
128 Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
129 L<openssl-genpkey(1)> and L<openssl-pkeyparam(1)>.
137 DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
138 L<openssl-genpkey(1)> and L<openssl-pkeyparam(1)>.
142 EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
146 EC parameter manipulation and generation.
150 Encoding with Ciphers.
154 Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
158 Error Number to Error String Conversion.
162 Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
163 Obsoleted by L<openssl-dhparam(1)>.
167 Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
168 L<openssl-genpkey(1)> and L<openssl-pkey(1)>.
172 Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
176 Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by L<openssl-genpkey(1)>.
180 Display diverse information built into the OpenSSL libraries.
184 Key Derivation Functions.
188 Message Authentication Code Calculation.
192 Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
196 Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
200 Generation of hashed passwords.
204 PKCS#12 Data Management.
208 PKCS#7 Data Management.
212 PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
216 Public and private key management.
220 Public key algorithm parameter management.
224 Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
228 Compute prime numbers.
232 Generate pseudo-random bytes.
236 Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
240 PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
248 RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
249 by L<openssl-pkeyutl(1)>.
253 This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
254 connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
255 purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
256 internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library.
260 This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
261 clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
262 only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
263 functionality of the OpenSSL B<ssl> library. It provides both an own command
264 line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
265 facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
269 SSL Connection Timer.
273 SSL Session Data Management.
277 S/MIME mail processing.
281 Algorithm Speed Measurement.
285 SPKAC printing and generating utility.
289 Maintain SRP password file.
293 Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
297 Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
301 X.509 Certificate Verification.
305 OpenSSL Version Information.
309 X.509 Certificate Data Management.
313 =head2 Message Digest Commands
383 SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
387 SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
395 =head2 Encoding and Cipher Commands
397 The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings
400 Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed
401 here may be present. See L<openssl-enc(1)> for more information and command
406 =item B<aes128>, B<aes-128-cbc>, B<aes-128-cfb>, B<aes-128-ctr>, B<aes-128-ecb>, B<aes-128-ofb>
410 =item B<aes192>, B<aes-192-cbc>, B<aes-192-cfb>, B<aes-192-ctr>, B<aes-192-ecb>, B<aes-192-ofb>
414 =item B<aes256>, B<aes-256-cbc>, B<aes-256-cfb>, B<aes-256-ctr>, B<aes-256-ecb>, B<aes-256-ofb>
418 =item B<aria128>, B<aria-128-cbc>, B<aria-128-cfb>, B<aria-128-ctr>, B<aria-128-ecb>, B<aria-128-ofb>
422 =item B<aria192>, B<aria-192-cbc>, B<aria-192-cfb>, B<aria-192-ctr>, B<aria-192-ecb>, B<aria-192-ofb>
426 =item B<aria256>, B<aria-256-cbc>, B<aria-256-cfb>, B<aria-256-ctr>, B<aria-256-ecb>, B<aria-256-ofb>
434 =item B<bf>, B<bf-cbc>, B<bf-cfb>, B<bf-ecb>, B<bf-ofb>
438 =item B<camellia128>, B<camellia-128-cbc>, B<camellia-128-cfb>, B<camellia-128-ctr>, B<camellia-128-ecb>, B<camellia-128-ofb>
442 =item B<camellia192>, B<camellia-192-cbc>, B<camellia-192-cfb>, B<camellia-192-ctr>, B<camellia-192-ecb>, B<camellia-192-ofb>
446 =item B<camellia256>, B<camellia-256-cbc>, B<camellia-256-cfb>, B<camellia-256-ctr>, B<camellia-256-ecb>, B<camellia-256-ofb>
450 =item B<cast>, B<cast-cbc>
454 =item B<cast5-cbc>, B<cast5-cfb>, B<cast5-ecb>, B<cast5-ofb>
462 =item B<des>, B<des-cbc>, B<des-cfb>, B<des-ecb>, B<des-ede>, B<des-ede-cbc>, B<des-ede-cfb>, B<des-ede-ofb>, B<des-ofb>
466 =item B<des3>, B<desx>, B<des-ede3>, B<des-ede3-cbc>, B<des-ede3-cfb>, B<des-ede3-ofb>
470 =item B<idea>, B<idea-cbc>, B<idea-cfb>, B<idea-ecb>, B<idea-ofb>
474 =item B<rc2>, B<rc2-cbc>, B<rc2-cfb>, B<rc2-ecb>, B<rc2-ofb>
482 =item B<rc5>, B<rc5-cbc>, B<rc5-cfb>, B<rc5-ecb>, B<rc5-ofb>
486 =item B<seed>, B<seed-cbc>, B<seed-cfb>, B<seed-ecb>, B<seed-ofb>
490 =item B<sm4>, B<sm4-cbc>, B<sm4-cfb>, B<sm4-ctr>, B<sm4-ecb>, B<sm4-ofb>
498 Details of which options are available depend on the specific command.
499 This section describes some common options with common behavior.
501 =head2 Common Options
507 Provides a terse summary of all options.
511 =head2 Pass Phrase Options
513 Several commands accept password arguments, typically using B<-passin>
514 and B<-passout> for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
515 the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
516 options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
517 password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
518 prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
519 terminal with echoing turned off.
521 Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see
522 L<passphrase-encoding(7)>.
526 =item B<pass:>I<password>
528 The actual password is I<password>. Since the password is visible
529 to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
530 where security is not important.
534 Obtain the password from the environment variable I<var>. Since
535 the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
536 (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
538 =item B<file:>I<pathname>
540 The first line of I<pathname> is the password. If the same I<pathname>
541 argument is supplied to B<-passin> and B<-passout> arguments then the first
542 line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
543 password. I<pathname> need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
544 refer to a device or named pipe.
546 =item B<fd:>I<number>
548 Read the password from the file descriptor I<number>. This can be used to
549 send the data via a pipe for example.
553 Read the password from standard input.
561 =item B<OPENSSL_TRACE=>I<name>[,...]
563 Enable tracing output of OpenSSL library, by name.
564 This output will only make sense if you know OpenSSL internals well.
565 Also, it might not give you any output at all, depending on how
568 The value is a comma separated list of names, with the following
575 The tracing functionality.
587 ENGINE configuration.
589 =item B<ENGINE_TABLE>
591 The function that is used by RSA, DSA (etc) code to select registered
592 ENGINEs, cache defaults and functional references (etc), will generate
595 =item B<ENGINE_REF_COUNT>
597 Reference counts in the ENGINE structure will be monitored with a line
598 of generated for each change.
604 =item B<PKCS12_KEYGEN>
606 PKCS#12 key generation.
608 =item B<PKCS12_DECRYPT>
612 =item B<X509V3_POLICY>
614 Generates the complete policy tree at various point during X.509 v3
627 L<openssl-asn1parse(1)>,
629 L<openssl-ciphers(1)>,
632 L<openssl-crl2pkcs7(1)>,
634 L<openssl-dhparam(1)>,
636 L<openssl-dsaparam(1)>,
638 L<openssl-ecparam(1)>,
640 L<openssl-engine(1)>,
641 L<openssl-errstr(1)>,
642 L<openssl-gendsa(1)>,
643 L<openssl-genpkey(1)>,
644 L<openssl-genrsa(1)>,
649 L<openssl-passwd(1)>,
650 L<openssl-pkcs12(1)>,
654 L<openssl-pkeyparam(1)>,
655 L<openssl-pkeyutl(1)>,
658 L<openssl-rehash(1)>,
661 L<openssl-rsautl(1)>,
662 L<openssl-s_client(1)>,
663 L<openssl-s_server(1)>,
664 L<openssl-s_time(1)>,
665 L<openssl-sess_id(1)>,
670 L<openssl-storeutl(1)>,
672 L<openssl-verify(1)>,
673 L<openssl-version(1)>,
683 The B<list> -I<XXX>B<-algorithms> options were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
684 For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
689 Copyright 2000-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
691 Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
692 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
693 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
694 L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.