5 openssl-pkeyutl - public key algorithm utility
13 [B<-digest> I<algorithm>]
17 [B<-keyform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<ENGINE>]
20 [B<-peerform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<ENGINE>]
30 [B<-kdf> I<algorithm>]
31 [B<-kdflen> I<length>]
32 [B<-pkeyopt> I<opt:value>]
33 [B<-pkeyopt_passin> I<opt:passarg>]
37 [B<-writerand> I<file>]
41 =for comment ifdef engine engine_impl
45 The B<pkeyutl> command can be used to perform low level public key operations
46 using any supported algorithm.
54 Print out a usage message.
56 =item B<-in> I<filename>
58 This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
59 if this option is not specified.
63 This indicates that the input data is raw data, which is not hashed by any
64 message digest algorithm. The user can specify a digest algorithm by using
65 the B<-digest> option. This option can only be used with B<-sign> and
66 B<-verify> and must be used with the Ed25519 and Ed448 algorithms.
68 =item B<-digest> I<algorithm>
70 This specifies the digest algorithm which is used to hash the input data before
71 signing or verifying it with the input key. This option could be omitted if the
72 signature algorithm does not require one (for instance, EdDSA). If this option
73 is omitted but the signature algorithm requires one, a default value will be
74 used. For signature algorithms like RSA, DSA and ECDSA, SHA-256 will be the
75 default digest algorithm. For SM2, it will be SM3. If this option is present,
76 then the B<-rawin> option must be also specified to B<pkeyutl>.
78 =item B<-out> I<filename>
80 Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
83 =item B<-sigfile> I<file>
85 Signature file, required for B<verify> operations only
87 =item B<-inkey> I<file>
89 The input key file, by default it should be a private key.
91 =item B<-keyform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<ENGINE>
93 The key format PEM, DER or ENGINE. Default is PEM.
95 =item B<-passin> I<arg>
97 The input key password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
98 see L<openssl(1)/Pass phrase options>.
100 =item B<-peerkey> I<file>
102 The peer key file, used by key derivation (agreement) operations.
104 =item B<-peerform> B<DER>|B<PEM>|B<ENGINE>
106 The peer key format PEM, DER or ENGINE. Default is PEM.
110 The input file is a public key.
114 The input is a certificate containing a public key.
118 Reverse the order of the input buffer. This is useful for some libraries
119 (such as CryptoAPI) which represent the buffer in little endian format.
123 Sign the input data (which must be a hash) and output the signed result. This
124 requires a private key.
128 Verify the input data (which must be a hash) against the signature file and
129 indicate if the verification succeeded or failed.
131 =item B<-verifyrecover>
133 Verify the input data (which must be a hash) and output the recovered data.
137 Encrypt the input data using a public key.
141 Decrypt the input data using a private key.
145 Derive a shared secret using the peer key.
147 =item B<-kdf> I<algorithm>
149 Use key derivation function B<algorithm>. The supported algorithms are
150 at present B<TLS1-PRF> and B<HKDF>.
151 Note: additional parameters and the KDF output length will normally have to be
152 set for this to work.
153 See L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md(3)> and L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_tls1_prf_md(3)>
154 for the supported string parameters of each algorithm.
156 =item B<-kdflen> I<length>
158 Set the output length for KDF.
160 =item B<-pkeyopt> I<opt:value>
162 Public key options specified as opt:value. See NOTES below for more details.
164 =item B<-pkeyopt_passin> I<opt:passarg>
166 Allows reading a public key option B<opt> from stdin or a password source. If
167 only opt is specified, the user will be prompted to enter the value on stdin.
168 Alternatively, passarg can be specified which can be any value supported by
169 B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> in L<openssl(1)>.
173 hex dump the output data.
177 Parse the ASN.1 output data, this is useful when combined with the
178 B<-verifyrecover> option when an ASN1 structure is signed.
180 =item B<-rand> I<file...>
182 A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
184 Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
185 The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
188 =item B<-writerand> I<file>
190 Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
191 This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
193 =item B<-engine> I<id>
195 Specifying an engine (by its unique B<id> string) will cause B<pkeyutl>
196 to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
197 thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
198 for all available algorithms.
200 =item B<-engine_impl>
202 When used with the B<-engine> option, it specifies to also use
203 engine B<id> for crypto operations.
209 The operations and options supported vary according to the key algorithm
210 and its implementation. The OpenSSL operations and options are indicated below.
212 Unless otherwise mentioned all algorithms support the B<digest:alg> option
213 which specifies the digest in use for sign, verify and verifyrecover operations.
214 The value B<alg> should represent a digest name as used in the
215 EVP_get_digestbyname() function for example B<sha1>. This value is not used to
216 hash the input data. It is used (by some algorithms) for sanity-checking the
217 lengths of data passed in to the B<pkeyutl> and for creating the structures that
218 make up the signature (e.g. B<DigestInfo> in RSASSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures).
220 This utility does not hash the input data (except where -rawin is used) but
221 rather it will use the data directly as input to the signature algorithm.
222 Depending on the key type, signature type, and mode of padding, the maximum
223 acceptable lengths of input data differ. The signed data can't be longer than
224 the key modulus with RSA. In case of ECDSA and DSA the data shouldn't be longer
225 than the field size, otherwise it will be silently truncated to the field size.
226 In any event the input size must not be larger than the largest supported digest
229 In other words, if the value of digest is B<sha1> the input should be the 20
230 bytes long binary encoding of the SHA-1 hash function output.
234 The RSA algorithm generally supports the encrypt, decrypt, sign,
235 verify and verifyrecover operations. However, some padding modes
236 support only a subset of these operations. The following additional
237 B<pkeyopt> values are supported:
241 =item B<rsa_padding_mode:mode>
243 This sets the RSA padding mode. Acceptable values for B<mode> are B<pkcs1> for
244 PKCS#1 padding, B<sslv23> for SSLv23 padding, B<none> for no padding, B<oaep>
245 for B<OAEP> mode, B<x931> for X9.31 mode and B<pss> for PSS.
247 In PKCS#1 padding if the message digest is not set then the supplied data is
248 signed or verified directly instead of using a B<DigestInfo> structure. If a
249 digest is set then the a B<DigestInfo> structure is used and its the length
250 must correspond to the digest type.
252 For B<oaep> mode only encryption and decryption is supported.
254 For B<x931> if the digest type is set it is used to format the block data
255 otherwise the first byte is used to specify the X9.31 digest ID. Sign,
256 verify and verifyrecover are can be performed in this mode.
258 For B<pss> mode only sign and verify are supported and the digest type must be
261 =item B<rsa_pss_saltlen:len>
263 For B<pss> mode only this option specifies the salt length. Three special
264 values are supported: "digest" sets the salt length to the digest length,
265 "max" sets the salt length to the maximum permissible value. When verifying
266 "auto" causes the salt length to be automatically determined based on the
267 B<PSS> block structure.
269 =item B<rsa_mgf1_md:digest>
271 For PSS and OAEP padding sets the MGF1 digest. If the MGF1 digest is not
272 explicitly set in PSS mode then the signing digest is used.
276 =head1 RSA-PSS ALGORITHM
278 The RSA-PSS algorithm is a restricted version of the RSA algorithm which only
279 supports the sign and verify operations with PSS padding. The following
280 additional B<pkeyopt> values are supported:
284 =item B<rsa_padding_mode:mode>, B<rsa_pss_saltlen:len>, B<rsa_mgf1_md:digest>
286 These have the same meaning as the B<RSA> algorithm with some additional
287 restrictions. The padding mode can only be set to B<pss> which is the
290 If the key has parameter restrictions than the digest, MGF1
291 digest and salt length are set to the values specified in the parameters.
292 The digest and MG cannot be changed and the salt length cannot be set to a
293 value less than the minimum restriction.
299 The DSA algorithm supports signing and verification operations only. Currently
300 there are no additional B<-pkeyopt> options other than B<digest>. The SHA1
301 digest is assumed by default.
305 The DH algorithm only supports the derivation operation and no additional
310 The EC algorithm supports sign, verify and derive operations. The sign and
311 verify operations use ECDSA and derive uses ECDH. SHA1 is assumed by default for
312 the B<-pkeyopt> B<digest> option.
314 =head1 X25519 AND X448 ALGORITHMS
316 The X25519 and X448 algorithms support key derivation only. Currently there are
317 no additional options.
319 =head1 ED25519 AND ED448 ALGORITHMS
321 These algorithms only support signing and verifying. OpenSSL only implements the
322 "pure" variants of these algorithms so raw data can be passed directly to them
323 without hashing them first. The option "-rawin" must be used with these
324 algorithms with no "-digest" specified. Additionally OpenSSL only supports
325 "oneshot" operation with these algorithms. This means that the entire file to
326 be signed/verified must be read into memory before processing it. Signing or
327 Verifying very large files should be avoided. Additionally the size of the file
328 must be known for this to work. If the size of the file cannot be determined
329 (for example if the input is stdin) then the sign or verify operation will fail.
333 The SM2 algorithm supports sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt operations. For
334 the sign and verify operations, SM2 requires an ID string to be passed in. The
335 following B<pkeyopt> value is supported:
339 =item B<sm2_id:string>
341 This sets the ID string used in SM2 sign or verify operations. While verifying
342 an SM2 signature, the ID string must be the same one used when signing the data.
343 Otherwise the verification will fail.
345 =item B<sm2_hex_id:hex_string>
347 This sets the ID string used in SM2 sign or verify operations. While verifying
348 an SM2 signature, the ID string must be the same one used when signing the data.
349 Otherwise the verification will fail. The ID string provided with this option
350 should be a valid hexadecimal value.
356 Sign some data using a private key:
358 openssl pkeyutl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig
360 Recover the signed data (e.g. if an RSA key is used):
362 openssl pkeyutl -verifyrecover -in sig -inkey key.pem
364 Verify the signature (e.g. a DSA key):
366 openssl pkeyutl -verify -in file -sigfile sig -inkey key.pem
368 Sign data using a message digest value (this is currently only valid for RSA):
370 openssl pkeyutl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig -pkeyopt digest:sha256
372 Derive a shared secret value:
374 openssl pkeyutl -derive -inkey key.pem -peerkey pubkey.pem -out secret
376 Hexdump 48 bytes of TLS1 PRF using digest B<SHA256> and shared secret and
377 seed consisting of the single byte 0xFF:
379 openssl pkeyutl -kdf TLS1-PRF -kdflen 48 -pkeyopt md:SHA256 \
380 -pkeyopt hexsecret:ff -pkeyopt hexseed:ff -hexdump
382 Derive a key using B<scrypt> where the password is read from command line:
384 openssl pkeyutl -kdf scrypt -kdflen 16 -pkeyopt_passin pass \
385 -pkeyopt hexsalt:aabbcc -pkeyopt N:16384 -pkeyopt r:8 -pkeyopt p:1
387 Derive using the same algorithm, but read key from environment variable MYPASS:
389 openssl pkeyutl -kdf scrypt -kdflen 16 -pkeyopt_passin pass:env:MYPASS \
390 -pkeyopt hexsalt:aabbcc -pkeyopt N:16384 -pkeyopt r:8 -pkeyopt p:1
392 Sign some data using an L<SM2(7)> private key and a specific ID:
394 openssl pkeyutl -sign -in file -inkey sm2.key -out sig -rawin -digest sm3 \
395 -pkeyopt sm2_id:someid
397 Verify some data using an L<SM2(7)> certificate and a specific ID:
399 openssl pkeyutl -verify -certin -in file -inkey sm2.cert -sigfile sig \
400 -rawin -digest sm3 -pkeyopt sm2_id:someid
405 L<openssl-genpkey(1)>,
410 L<openssl-genrsa(1)>,
412 L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md(3)>,
413 L<EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_tls1_prf_md(3)>,
418 Copyright 2006-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
420 Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
421 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
422 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
423 L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.