OSSL_CMP_validate_msg(): make sure to reject protection type mismatch

OSSL_CMP_validate_msg(): make sure to reject protection type mismatch

Do not accept password-based if expected signature-based and no secret is available and
do not accept signature-based if expected password-based and no trust anchors available.

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <pauli@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: David von Oheimb <david.von.oheimb@siemens.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/19729)