Fix Decoder, Encoder and Store loader fetching

Fix Decoder, Encoder and Store loader fetching

Attempting to fetch one of the above and providing a query string was
failing with an internal assertion error. We must ensure that we give the
provider when calling ossl_method_store_cache_set()

Fixes #17456

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <pauli@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/17459)