Add extra error text in the property parser

Add extra error text in the property parser

With properties being specified in all kinds of places, including hard
coded in providers, it's not always easy to figure out exactly what
string was incorrect when the parser would just say something like
'parse failed' with no more details.

Adding extra data to the error, showing exactly what string is
incorrect, helps a bit.  At the very least, this gives anyone
interested something to grep for.

Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9190)