TEST: Add an algorithm ID tester for libcrypto vs provider

TEST: Add an algorithm ID tester for libcrypto vs provider

Providers produce algorithm IDs of their own, and we need to compare
them against the same thing produced by libcrypto's ASN.1 code and
with legacy keys.

This tester can compare algorithm IDs for signatures and for keys,
given certificates that hold such data.

To verify key algorithm IDs, only one certificate is necessary, and
its public key is used.

To verify certificate algorithm IDs, we need to launch the signature
operation that would verify a certificate against the public key of
its signing CA, so that test needs two files.

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/14049)