[B<-verify>]
[B<-modulus>]
[B<-new>]
-[B<-rand file(s)>]
+[B<-rand file...>]
+[B<-writerand file>]
[B<-newkey rsa:bits>]
[B<-newkey alg:file>]
[B<-nodes>]
[B<-keyform PEM|DER>]
[B<-keyout filename>]
[B<-keygen_engine id>]
-[B<-[digest]>]
+[B<-I<digest>>]
[B<-config filename>]
[B<-multivalue-rdn>]
[B<-x509>]
[B<-newhdr>]
[B<-extensions section>]
[B<-reqexts section>]
+[B<-precert>]
[B<-utf8>]
[B<-nameopt>]
[B<-reqopt>]
in PKCS#10 format. It can additionally create self signed certificates
for use as root CAs for example.
-=head1 COMMAND OPTIONS
+=head1 OPTIONS
=over 4
=item B<-outform DER|PEM>
-This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the
-B<-inform> option.
+This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning and default
+as the B<-inform> option.
=item B<-in filename>
=item B<-passin arg>
-
the input file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
+
The input file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
=item B<-out filename>
=item B<-passout arg>
-
the output file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
+
The output file password source. For more information about the format of B<arg>
see the B<PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS> section in L<openssl(1)>.
=item B<-text>
-prints out the certificate request in text form.
+Prints out the certificate request in text form.
=item B<-subject>
-prints out the request subject (or certificate subject if B<-x509> is
+Prints out the request subject (or certificate subject if B<-x509> is
specified)
=item B<-pubkey>
-outputs the public key.
+Outputs the public key.
=item B<-noout>
-this option prevents output of the encoded version of the request.
+This option prevents output of the encoded version of the request.
=item B<-modulus>
-this option prints out the value of the modulus of the public key
+This option prints out the value of the modulus of the public key
contained in the request.
=item B<-verify>
-verifies the signature on the request.
+Verifies the signature on the request.
=item B<-new>
-this option generates a new certificate request. It will prompt
+This option generates a new certificate request. It will prompt
the user for the relevant field values. The actual fields
prompted for and their maximum and minimum sizes are specified
in the configuration file and any requested extensions.
If the B<-key> option is not used it will generate a new RSA private
key using information specified in the configuration file.
-=item B<-rand file(s)>
+=item B<-rand file...>
-a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
-generator, or an EGD socket (see L<RAND_egd(3)>).
+A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
+generator.
Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
The separator is B<;> for MS-Windows, B<,> for OpenVMS, and B<:> for
all others.
+=item [B<-writerand file>]
+
+Writes random data to the specified I<file> upon exit.
+This can be used with a subsequent B<-rand> flag.
+
=item B<-newkey arg>
-this option creates a new certificate request and a new private
+This option creates a new certificate request and a new private
key. The argument takes one of several forms. B<rsa:nbits>, where
B<nbits> is the number of bits, generates an RSA key B<nbits>
in size. If B<nbits> is omitted, i.e. B<-newkey rsa> specified,
=item B<-pkeyopt opt:value>
-set the public key algorithm option B<opt> to B<value>. The precise set of
+Set the public key algorithm option B<opt> to B<value>. The precise set of
options supported depends on the public key algorithm used and its
implementation. See B<KEY GENERATION OPTIONS> in the B<genpkey> manual page
for more details.
=item B<-keyform PEM|DER>
-the format of the private key file specified in the B<-key>
+The format of the private key file specified in the B<-key>
argument. PEM is the default.
=item B<-keyout filename>
-this gives the filename to write the newly created private key to.
+This gives the filename to write the newly created private key to.
If this option is not specified then the filename present in the
configuration file is used.
=item B<-nodes>
-if this option is specified then if a private key is created it
+If this option is specified then if a private key is created it
will not be encrypted.
-=item B<-[digest]>
+=item B<-I<digest>>
-this specifies the message digest to sign the request.
+This specifies the message digest to sign the request.
Any digest supported by the OpenSSL B<dgst> command can be used.
This overrides the digest algorithm specified in
the configuration file.
=item B<-config filename>
-this allows an alternative configuration file to be specified,
-this overrides the compile time filename or any specified in
-the B<OPENSSL_CONF> environment variable.
+This allows an alternative configuration file to be specified.
+Optional; for a description of the default value,
+see L<openssl(1)/COMMAND SUMMARY>.
=item B<-subj arg>
-sets subject name for new request or supersedes the subject name
+Sets subject name for new request or supersedes the subject name
when processing a request.
The arg must be formatted as I</type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=...>,
characters may be escaped by \ (backslash), no spaces are skipped.
=item B<-multivalue-rdn>
-this option causes the -subj argument to be interpreted with full
+This option causes the -subj argument to be interpreted with full
support for multivalued RDNs. Example:
I</DC=org/DC=OpenSSL/DC=users/UID=123456+CN=John Doe>
=item B<-x509>
-this option outputs a self signed certificate instead of a certificate
+This option outputs a self signed certificate instead of a certificate
request. This is typically used to generate a test certificate or
a self signed root CA. The extensions added to the certificate
(if any) are specified in the configuration file. Unless specified
using the B<set_serial> option, a large random number will be used for
the serial number.
+If existing request is specified with the B<-in> option, it is converted
+to the self signed certificate otherwise new request is created.
+
=item B<-days n>
-when the B<-x509> option is being used this specifies the number of
+When the B<-x509> option is being used this specifies the number of
days to certify the certificate for. The default is 30 days.
=item B<-set_serial n>
-serial number to use when outputting a self signed certificate. This
+Serial number to use when outputting a self signed certificate. This
may be specified as a decimal value or a hex value if preceded by B<0x>.
-It is possible to use negative serial numbers but this is not recommended.
=item B<-extensions section>
=item B<-reqexts section>
-these options specify alternative sections to include certificate
+These options specify alternative sections to include certificate
extensions (if the B<-x509> option is present) or certificate
request extensions. This allows several different sections to
be used in the same configuration file to specify requests for
a variety of purposes.
+=item B<-precert>
+
+A poison extension will be added to the certificate, making it a
+"pre-certificate" (see RFC6962). This can be submitted to Certificate
+Transparency logs in order to obtain signed certificate timestamps (SCTs).
+These SCTs can then be embedded into the pre-certificate as an extension, before
+removing the poison and signing the certificate.
+
+This implies the B<-new> flag.
+
=item B<-utf8>
-this option causes field values to be interpreted as UTF8 strings, by
+This option causes field values to be interpreted as UTF8 strings, by
default they are interpreted as ASCII. This means that the field
values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a
configuration file, must be valid UTF8 strings.
=item B<-nameopt option>
-option which determines how the subject or issuer names are displayed. The
+Option which determines how the subject or issuer names are displayed. The
B<option> argument can be a single option or multiple options separated by
commas. Alternatively the B<-nameopt> switch may be used more than once to
set multiple options. See the L<x509(1)> manual page for details.
=item B<-reqopt>
-customise the output format used with B<-text>. The B<option> argument can be
+Customise the output format used with B<-text>. The B<option> argument can be
a single option or multiple options separated by commas.
See discussion of the B<-certopt> parameter in the L<x509(1)>
=item B<-batch>
-non-interactive mode.
+Non-interactive mode.
=item B<-verbose>
-print extra details about the operations being performed.
+Print extra details about the operations being performed.
=item B<-engine id>
-specifying an engine (by its unique B<id> string) will cause B<req>
+Specifying an engine (by its unique B<id> string) will cause B<req>
to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
for all available algorithms.
=item B<-keygen_engine id>
-specifies an engine (by its unique B<id> string) which would be used
+Specifies an engine (by its unique B<id> string) which would be used
for key generation operations.
=back
=item B<RANDFILE>
-This specifies a filename in which random number seed information is
-placed and read from, or an EGD socket (see L<RAND_egd(3)>).
+At startup the specified file is loaded into the random number generator,
+and at exit 256 bytes will be written to it.
It is used for private key generation.
=item B<encrypt_key>
=item B<req_extensions>
-this specifies the configuration file section containing a list of
+This specifies the configuration file section containing a list of
extensions to add to the certificate request. It can be overridden
by the B<-reqexts> command line switch. See the
L<x509v3_config(5)> manual page for details of the
=item B<x509_extensions>
-this specifies the configuration file section containing a list of
+This specifies the configuration file section containing a list of
extensions to add to certificate generated when the B<-x509> switch
is used. It can be overridden by the B<-extensions> command line switch.
=item B<prompt>
-if set to the value B<no> this disables prompting of certificate fields
+If set to the value B<no> this disables prompting of certificate fields
and just takes values from the config file directly. It also changes the
expected format of the B<distinguished_name> and B<attributes> sections.
=item B<utf8>
-if set to the value B<yes> then field values to be interpreted as UTF8
+If set to the value B<yes> then field values to be interpreted as UTF8
strings, by default they are interpreted as ASCII. This means that
the field values, whether prompted from a terminal or obtained from a
configuration file, must be valid UTF8 strings.
=item B<attributes>
-this specifies the section containing any request attributes: its format
+This specifies the section containing any request attributes: its format
is the same as B<distinguished_name>. Typically these may contain the
challengePassword or unstructuredName types. They are currently ignored
by OpenSSL's request signing utilities but some CAs might want them.
it is tolerated). See the description of the command line option B<-asn1-kludge>
for more information.
-=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
-
-The variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> if defined allows an alternative configuration
-file location to be specified, it will be overridden by the B<-config> command
-line switch if it is present.
-
=head1 BUGS
OpenSSL's handling of T61Strings (aka TeletexStrings) is broken: it effectively
=head1 COPYRIGHT
-Copyright 2000-2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+Copyright 2000-2017 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
projects / openssl.git / blobdiff