Code health: Remove obvious VAX C fixups
[openssl.git] / apps / ca.c
index ac71e08837bcd01956b7cfe78578bd39007d3f96..9428c3018aff01c4a4abce14b8906c5e96db76ae 100644 (file)
--- a/apps/ca.c
+++ b/apps/ca.c
@@ -1,58 +1,10 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * This package is an SSL implementation written
- * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
- * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
- *
- * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
- * the following conditions are aheared to.  The following conditions
- * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
- * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code.  The SSL documentation
- * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
- * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
- *
- * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in
- * the code are not to be removed.
- * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
- * as the author of the parts of the library used.
- * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
- * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
- *    must display the following acknowledgement:
- *    "This product includes cryptographic software written by
- *     Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
- *    The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
- *    being used are not cryptographic related :-).
- * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from
- *    the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
- *    "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
+/*
+ * Copyright 1995-2016 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
  *
- * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
- * derivative of this code cannot be changed.  i.e. this code cannot simply be
- * copied and put under another distribution licence
- * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
+ * Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
+ * this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
+ * in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
+ * https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html
  */
 
 /* The PPKI stuff has been donated by Jeff Barber <jeffb@issl.atl.hp.com> */
 
 #ifndef W_OK
 # ifdef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-#  if defined(__DECC)
-#   include <unistd.h>
-#  else
-#   include <unixlib.h>
-#  endif
+#  include <unistd.h>
 # elif !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_VXWORKS) && !defined(OPENSSL_SYS_WINDOWS)
 #  include <sys/file.h>
 # endif
 # define R_OK 4
 #endif
 
-#undef BSIZE
-#define BSIZE 256
+#ifndef PATH_MAX
+# define PATH_MAX 4096
+#endif
+#ifndef NAME_MAX
+# define NAME_MAX 255
+#endif
+
+#define CERT_MAX (PATH_MAX + NAME_MAX)
 
 #define BASE_SECTION            "ca"
 
 #define ENV_DATABASE            "database"
 
 /* Additional revocation information types */
-
-#define REV_NONE                0 /* No addditional information */
-#define REV_CRL_REASON          1 /* Value is CRL reason code */
-#define REV_HOLD                2 /* Value is hold instruction */
-#define REV_KEY_COMPROMISE      3 /* Value is cert key compromise time */
-#define REV_CA_COMPROMISE       4 /* Value is CA key compromise time */
-
-static void lookup_fail(const char *name, const char *tag);
-static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+typedef enum {
+    REV_VALID             = -1, /* Valid (not-revoked) status */
+    REV_NONE              = 0, /* No additional information */
+    REV_CRL_REASON        = 1, /* Value is CRL reason code */
+    REV_HOLD              = 2, /* Value is hold instruction */
+    REV_KEY_COMPROMISE    = 3, /* Value is cert key compromise time */
+    REV_CA_COMPROMISE     = 4  /* Value is CA key compromise time */
+} REVINFO_TYPE;
+
+static char *lookup_conf(const CONF *conf, const char *group, const char *tag);
+
+static int certify(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                   BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                   int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate,
-                   long days, int batch, char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
+                   BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                   int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                   const char *enddate,
+                   long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
                    int verbose, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign);
-static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                         const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                        BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                        int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                        char *enddate, long days, int batch, char *ext_sect,
+                        BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                        int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                        const char *enddate, long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect,
                         CONF *conf, int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                         unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy);
-static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
+static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                          X509 *x509, const EVP_MD *dgst,
                          STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                          STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                         BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                         int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                         char *enddate, long days, char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
+                         BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                         int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                         const char *enddate, long days, const char *ext_sect, CONF *conf,
                          int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                          unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy);
-static void write_new_certificate(BIO *bp, X509 *x, int output_der,
-                                  int notext);
 static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db, BIGNUM *serial,
-                   char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
-                   int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate, long days,
-                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, char *ext_sect,
+                   const char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
+                   int email_dn, const char *startdate, const char *enddate, long days,
+                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, const char *ext_sect,
                    CONF *conf, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign);
-static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, int ext, char *extval);
 static int get_certificate_status(const char *ser_status, CA_DB *db);
 static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db);
 static int check_time_format(const char *str);
-char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg);
-int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str);
-static int old_entry_print(ASN1_OBJECT *obj, ASN1_STRING *str);
+static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, REVINFO_TYPE rev_type,
+                     const char *extval);
+static char *make_revocation_str(REVINFO_TYPE rev_type, const char *rev_arg);
+static int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str);
+static int old_entry_print(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj, const ASN1_STRING *str);
+static void write_new_certificate(BIO *bp, X509 *x, int output_der, int notext);
 
-static CONF *conf = NULL;
 static CONF *extconf = NULL;
-static char *section = NULL;
 static int preserve = 0;
 static int msie_hack = 0;
 
@@ -197,11 +153,11 @@ typedef enum OPTION_choice {
     OPT_GENCRL, OPT_MSIE_HACK, OPT_CRLDAYS, OPT_CRLHOURS, OPT_CRLSEC,
     OPT_INFILES, OPT_SS_CERT, OPT_SPKAC, OPT_REVOKE, OPT_VALID,
     OPT_EXTENSIONS, OPT_EXTFILE, OPT_STATUS, OPT_UPDATEDB, OPT_CRLEXTS,
-    OPT_CRL_REASON, OPT_CRL_HOLD, OPT_CRL_COMPROMISE,
-    OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE
+    /* Do not change the order here; see related case statements below */
+    OPT_CRL_REASON, OPT_CRL_HOLD, OPT_CRL_COMPROMISE, OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE
 } OPTION_CHOICE;
 
-OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
+const OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
     {"help", OPT_HELP, '-', "Display this summary"},
     {"verbose", OPT_VERBOSE, '-', "Verbose output during processing"},
     {"config", OPT_CONFIG, 's', "A config file"},
@@ -209,7 +165,7 @@ OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
     {"subj", OPT_SUBJ, 's', "Use arg instead of request's subject"},
     {"utf8", OPT_UTF8, '-', "Input characters are UTF8 (default ASCII)"},
     {"create_serial", OPT_CREATE_SERIAL, '-',
-    "If reading serial fails, create a new random serial"},
+     "If reading serial fails, create a new random serial"},
     {"multivalue-rdn", OPT_MULTIVALUE_RDN, '-',
      "Enable support for multivalued RDNs"},
     {"startdate", OPT_STARTDATE, 's', "Cert notBefore, YYMMDDHHMMSSZ"},
@@ -244,7 +200,8 @@ OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
     {"spkac", OPT_SPKAC, '<',
      "File contains DN and signed public key and challenge"},
     {"revoke", OPT_REVOKE, '<', "Revoke a cert (given in file)"},
-    {"valid", OPT_VALID, 's'},
+    {"valid", OPT_VALID, 's',
+     "Add a Valid(not-revoked) DB entry about a cert (given in file)"},
     {"extensions", OPT_EXTENSIONS, 's',
      "Extension section (override value in config file)"},
     {"extfile", OPT_EXTFILE, '<',
@@ -268,10 +225,11 @@ OPTIONS ca_options[] = {
 
 int ca_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+    CONF *conf = NULL;
     ENGINE *e = NULL;
     BIGNUM *crlnumber = NULL, *serial = NULL;
     EVP_PKEY *pkey = NULL;
-    BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL, *Sout = NULL, *Cout = NULL;
+    BIO *in = NULL, *out = NULL, *Sout = NULL;
     ASN1_INTEGER *tmpser;
     ASN1_TIME *tmptm;
     CA_DB *db = NULL;
@@ -281,64 +239,68 @@ int ca_main(int argc, char **argv)
     STACK_OF(X509) *cert_sk = NULL;
     X509_CRL *crl = NULL;
     const EVP_MD *dgst = NULL;
-    char *configfile = default_config_file;
+    char *configfile = default_config_file, *section = NULL;
     char *md = NULL, *policy = NULL, *keyfile = NULL;
-    char *certfile = NULL, *crl_ext = NULL, *crlnumberfile = NULL;
-    char *infile = NULL, *spkac_file = NULL, *ss_cert_file = NULL;
-    char *extensions = NULL, *extfile = NULL, *key = NULL, *passinarg = NULL;
+    char *certfile = NULL, *crl_ext = NULL, *crlnumberfile = NULL, *key = NULL;
+    const char *infile = NULL, *spkac_file = NULL, *ss_cert_file = NULL;
+    const char *extensions = NULL, *extfile = NULL, *passinarg = NULL;
     char *outdir = NULL, *outfile = NULL, *rev_arg = NULL, *ser_status = NULL;
-    char *serialfile = NULL, *startdate = NULL, *subj = NULL;
-    char *prog, *enddate = NULL, *tmp_email_dn = NULL;
-    char *dbfile = NULL, *f, *randfile = NULL, *tofree = NULL;
-    char buf[3][BSIZE];
+    const char *serialfile = NULL, *subj = NULL;
+    char *prog, *startdate = NULL, *enddate = NULL;
+    char *dbfile = NULL, *f, *randfile = NULL;
+    char new_cert[CERT_MAX + 1];
+    char tmp[10 + 1] = "\0";
     char *const *pp;
     const char *p;
     int create_ser = 0, free_key = 0, total = 0, total_done = 0;
     int batch = 0, default_op = 1, doupdatedb = 0, ext_copy = EXT_COPY_NONE;
     int keyformat = FORMAT_PEM, multirdn = 0, notext = 0, output_der = 0;
     int ret = 1, email_dn = 1, req = 0, verbose = 0, gencrl = 0, dorevoke = 0;
-    int i, j, rev_type = REV_NONE, selfsign = 0;
+    int i, j, selfsign = 0;
     long crldays = 0, crlhours = 0, crlsec = 0, days = 0;
     unsigned long chtype = MBSTRING_ASC, nameopt = 0, certopt = 0;
     X509 *x509 = NULL, *x509p = NULL, *x = NULL;
+    REVINFO_TYPE rev_type = REV_NONE;
     X509_REVOKED *r = NULL;
     OPTION_CHOICE o;
 
+    new_cert[CERT_MAX] = '\0';
+
     prog = opt_init(argc, argv, ca_options);
     while ((o = opt_next()) != OPT_EOF) {
         switch (o) {
-            case OPT_EOF:
-            case OPT_ERR:
+        case OPT_EOF:
+        case OPT_ERR:
 opthelp:
-                BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Use -help for summary.\n", prog);
-                goto end;
-            case OPT_HELP:
-                opt_help(ca_options);
-                ret = 0;
-                goto end;
-            case OPT_IN:
-                req = 1;
-                infile = opt_arg();
-                break;
-            case OPT_OUT:
-                outfile = opt_arg();
-                break;
-            case OPT_VERBOSE:
-                verbose = 1;
-                break;
-            case OPT_CONFIG:
-                configfile = opt_arg();
-                break;
-            case OPT_NAME:
-                section = opt_arg();
-                break;
-            case OPT_SUBJ:
-                subj = opt_arg();
-                /* preserve=1; */
-                break;
-            case OPT_UTF8:
-                chtype = MBSTRING_UTF8;
-                break;
+            BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s: Use -help for summary.\n", prog);
+            goto end;
+        case OPT_HELP:
+            opt_help(ca_options);
+            ret = 0;
+            goto end;
+        case OPT_IN:
+            req = 1;
+            infile = opt_arg();
+            break;
+        case OPT_OUT:
+            outfile = opt_arg();
+            break;
+        case OPT_VERBOSE:
+            verbose = 1;
+            break;
+        case OPT_CONFIG:
+            configfile = opt_arg();
+            break;
+        case OPT_NAME:
+            section = opt_arg();
+            break;
+        case OPT_SUBJ:
+            subj = opt_arg();
+            /* preserve=1; */
+            break;
+        case OPT_UTF8:
+            chtype = MBSTRING_UTF8;
+            break;
         case OPT_CREATE_SERIAL:
             create_ser = 1;
             break;
@@ -450,21 +412,12 @@ opthelp:
         case OPT_CRLEXTS:
             crl_ext = opt_arg();
             break;
-        case OPT_CRL_REASON:
-            rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_CRL_REASON;
-            break;
+        case OPT_CRL_REASON:        /* := REV_CRL_REASON */
         case OPT_CRL_HOLD:
-            rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_HOLD;
-            break;
         case OPT_CRL_COMPROMISE:
-            rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_KEY_COMPROMISE;
-            break;
         case OPT_CRL_CA_COMPROMISE:
             rev_arg = opt_arg();
-            rev_type = REV_CA_COMPROMISE;
+            rev_type = (o - OPT_CRL_REASON) + REV_CRL_REASON;
             break;
         case OPT_ENGINE:
             e = setup_engine(opt_arg(), 0);
@@ -483,13 +436,9 @@ end_of_options:
         goto end;
 
     /* Lets get the config section we are using */
-    if (section == NULL) {
-        section = NCONF_get_string(conf, BASE_SECTION, ENV_DEFAULT_CA);
-        if (section == NULL) {
-            lookup_fail(BASE_SECTION, ENV_DEFAULT_CA);
-            goto end;
-        }
-    }
+    if (section == NULL
+        && (section = lookup_conf(conf, BASE_SECTION, ENV_DEFAULT_CA)) == NULL)
+        goto end;
 
     if (conf != NULL) {
         p = NCONF_get_string(conf, NULL, "oid_file");
@@ -545,13 +494,13 @@ end_of_options:
     } else
         ERR_clear_error();
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     /* report status of cert with serial number given on command line */
     if (ser_status) {
-        if ((dbfile = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_DATABASE)) == NULL) {
-            lookup_fail(section, ENV_DATABASE);
+        dbfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_DATABASE);
+        if (dbfile == NULL)
             goto end;
-        }
+
         db = load_index(dbfile, &db_attr);
         if (db == NULL)
             goto end;
@@ -564,16 +513,13 @@ end_of_options:
         goto end;
     }
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     /* we definitely need a private key, so let's get it */
 
-    if ((keyfile == NULL) && ((keyfile = NCONF_get_string(conf,
-                                                          section,
-                                                          ENV_PRIVATE_KEY)) ==
-                              NULL)) {
-        lookup_fail(section, ENV_PRIVATE_KEY);
+    if (keyfile == NULL
+        && (keyfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_PRIVATE_KEY)) == NULL)
         goto end;
-    }
+
     if (!key) {
         free_key = 1;
         if (!app_passwd(passinarg, NULL, &key, NULL)) {
@@ -589,16 +535,13 @@ end_of_options:
         goto end;
     }
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     /* we need a certificate */
     if (!selfsign || spkac_file || ss_cert_file || gencrl) {
-        if ((certfile == NULL)
-            && ((certfile = NCONF_get_string(conf,
-                                             section,
-                                             ENV_CERTIFICATE)) == NULL)) {
-            lookup_fail(section, ENV_CERTIFICATE);
+        if (certfile == NULL
+            && (certfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_CERTIFICATE)) == NULL)
             goto end;
-        }
+
         x509 = load_cert(certfile, FORMAT_PEM, "CA certificate");
         if (x509 == NULL)
             goto end;
@@ -657,12 +600,12 @@ end_of_options:
     } else
         ERR_clear_error();
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     /* lookup where to write new certificates */
     if ((outdir == NULL) && (req)) {
 
-        if ((outdir = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_NEW_CERTS_DIR))
-            == NULL) {
+        outdir = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_NEW_CERTS_DIR);
+        if (outdir == NULL) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "there needs to be defined a directory for new certificate to be placed in\n");
             goto end;
@@ -683,12 +626,12 @@ end_of_options:
 #endif
     }
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     /* we need to load the database file */
-    if ((dbfile = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_DATABASE)) == NULL) {
-        lookup_fail(section, ENV_DATABASE);
+    dbfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_DATABASE);
+    if (dbfile == NULL)
         goto end;
-    }
+
     db = load_index(dbfile, &db_attr);
     if (db == NULL)
         goto end;
@@ -741,7 +684,7 @@ end_of_options:
     if (!index_index(db))
         goto end;
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     /* Update the db file for expired certificates */
     if (doupdatedb) {
         if (verbose)
@@ -780,10 +723,11 @@ end_of_options:
                        extfile);
 
         /* We can have sections in the ext file */
-        if (!extensions
-            && !(extensions =
-                 NCONF_get_string(extconf, "default", "extensions")))
-            extensions = "default";
+        if (extensions == NULL) {
+            extensions = NCONF_get_string(extconf, "default", "extensions");
+            if (extensions == NULL)
+                extensions = "default";
+        }
     }
 
     /*****************************************************************/
@@ -794,12 +738,9 @@ end_of_options:
             goto end;
     }
 
-    if ((md == NULL) && ((md = NCONF_get_string(conf,
-                                                section,
-                                                ENV_DEFAULT_MD)) == NULL)) {
-        lookup_fail(section, ENV_DEFAULT_MD);
+    if (md == NULL
+        && (md = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_DEFAULT_MD)) == NULL)
         goto end;
-    }
 
     if (strcmp(md, "default") == 0) {
         int def_nid;
@@ -815,31 +756,26 @@ end_of_options:
     }
 
     if (req) {
-        if ((email_dn == 1) && ((tmp_email_dn = NCONF_get_string(conf,
-                                                                 section,
-                                                                 ENV_DEFAULT_EMAIL_DN))
-                                != NULL)) {
-            if (strcmp(tmp_email_dn, "no") == 0)
+        if (email_dn == 1) {
+            char *tmp_email_dn = NULL;
+
+            tmp_email_dn = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_DEFAULT_EMAIL_DN);
+            if (tmp_email_dn != NULL && strcmp(tmp_email_dn, "no") == 0)
                 email_dn = 0;
         }
         if (verbose)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "message digest is %s\n",
                        OBJ_nid2ln(EVP_MD_type(dgst)));
-        if ((policy == NULL) && ((policy = NCONF_get_string(conf,
-                                                            section,
-                                                            ENV_POLICY)) ==
-                                 NULL)) {
-            lookup_fail(section, ENV_POLICY);
+        if (policy == NULL
+            && (policy = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_POLICY)) == NULL)
             goto end;
-        }
+
         if (verbose)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "policy is %s\n", policy);
 
-        if ((serialfile = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, ENV_SERIAL))
-            == NULL) {
-            lookup_fail(section, ENV_SERIAL);
+        serialfile = lookup_conf(conf, section, ENV_SERIAL);
+        if (serialfile == NULL)
             goto end;
-        }
 
         if (!extconf) {
             /*
@@ -1019,14 +955,14 @@ end_of_options:
                            "\n%d out of %d certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]",
                            total_done, total);
                 (void)BIO_flush(bio_err);
-                buf[0][0] = '\0';
-                if (!fgets(buf[0], 10, stdin)) {
+                tmp[0] = '\0';
+                if (fgets(tmp, sizeof(tmp), stdin) == NULL) {
                     BIO_printf(bio_err,
                                "CERTIFICATION CANCELED: I/O error\n");
                     ret = 0;
                     goto end;
                 }
-                if ((buf[0][0] != 'y') && (buf[0][0] != 'Y')) {
+                if (tmp[0] != 'y' && tmp[0] != 'Y') {
                     BIO_printf(bio_err, "CERTIFICATION CANCELED\n");
                     ret = 0;
                     goto end;
@@ -1046,33 +982,32 @@ end_of_options:
         if (verbose)
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing new certificates\n");
         for (i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(cert_sk); i++) {
-            ASN1_INTEGER *serialNumber = X509_get_serialNumber(x);
+            BIO *Cout = NULL;
+            X509 *xi = sk_X509_value(cert_sk, i);
+            ASN1_INTEGER *serialNumber = X509_get_serialNumber(xi);
             int k;
             char *n;
 
-            x = sk_X509_value(cert_sk, i);
-
             j = ASN1_STRING_length(serialNumber);
-            p = (const char *)ASN1_STRING_data(serialNumber);
+            p = (const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(serialNumber);
 
-            if (strlen(outdir) >= (size_t)(j ? BSIZE - j * 2 - 6 : BSIZE - 8)) {
+            if (strlen(outdir) >= (size_t)(j ? CERT_MAX - j * 2 - 6 : CERT_MAX - 8)) {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err, "certificate file name too long\n");
                 goto end;
             }
 
-            strcpy(buf[2], outdir);
-
+            strcpy(new_cert, outdir);
 #ifndef OPENSSL_SYS_VMS
-            OPENSSL_strlcat(buf[2], "/", sizeof(buf[2]));
+            OPENSSL_strlcat(new_cert, "/", sizeof(new_cert));
 #endif
 
-            n = (char *)&(buf[2][strlen(buf[2])]);
+            n = (char *)&(new_cert[strlen(new_cert)]);
             if (j > 0) {
                 for (k = 0; k < j; k++) {
-                    if (n >= &(buf[2][sizeof(buf[2])]))
+                    if (n >= &(new_cert[sizeof(new_cert)]))
                         break;
                     BIO_snprintf(n,
-                                 &buf[2][0] + sizeof(buf[2]) - n,
+                                 &new_cert[0] + sizeof(new_cert) - n,
                                  "%02X", (unsigned char)*(p++));
                     n += 2;
                 }
@@ -1086,15 +1021,16 @@ end_of_options:
             *(n++) = 'm';
             *n = '\0';
             if (verbose)
-                BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing %s\n", buf[2]);
+                BIO_printf(bio_err, "writing %s\n", new_cert);
 
-            Cout = BIO_new_file(buf[2], "w");
+            Cout = BIO_new_file(new_cert, "w");
             if (Cout == NULL) {
-                perror(buf[2]);
+                perror(new_cert);
                 goto end;
             }
-            write_new_certificate(Cout, x, 0, notext);
-            write_new_certificate(Sout, x, output_der, notext);
+            write_new_certificate(Cout, xi, 0, notext);
+            write_new_certificate(Sout, xi, output_der, notext);
+            BIO_free_all(Cout);
         }
 
         if (sk_X509_num(cert_sk)) {
@@ -1109,7 +1045,7 @@ end_of_options:
         }
     }
 
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     if (gencrl) {
         int crl_v2 = 0;
         if (!crl_ext) {
@@ -1164,13 +1100,13 @@ end_of_options:
         if (tmptm == NULL)
             goto end;
         X509_gmtime_adj(tmptm, 0);
-        X509_CRL_set_lastUpdate(crl, tmptm);
+        X509_CRL_set1_lastUpdate(crl, tmptm);
         if (!X509_time_adj_ex(tmptm, crldays, crlhours * 60 * 60 + crlsec,
                               NULL)) {
             BIO_puts(bio_err, "error setting CRL nextUpdate\n");
             goto end;
         }
-        X509_CRL_set_nextUpdate(crl, tmptm);
+        X509_CRL_set1_nextUpdate(crl, tmptm);
 
         ASN1_TIME_free(tmptm);
 
@@ -1250,7 +1186,7 @@ end_of_options:
                 goto end;
 
     }
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     if (dorevoke) {
         if (infile == NULL) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "no input files\n");
@@ -1261,7 +1197,7 @@ end_of_options:
             if (revcert == NULL)
                 goto end;
             if (dorevoke == 2)
-                rev_type = -1;
+                rev_type = REV_VALID;
             j = do_revoke(revcert, db, rev_type, rev_arg);
             if (j <= 0)
                 goto end;
@@ -1276,11 +1212,9 @@ end_of_options:
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Data Base Updated\n");
         }
     }
-        /*****************************************************************/
+    /*****************************************************************/
     ret = 0;
  end:
-    OPENSSL_free(tofree);
-    BIO_free_all(Cout);
     BIO_free_all(Sout);
     BIO_free_all(out);
     BIO_free_all(in);
@@ -1300,20 +1234,25 @@ end_of_options:
     X509_CRL_free(crl);
     NCONF_free(conf);
     NCONF_free(extconf);
+    release_engine(e);
     return (ret);
 }
 
-static void lookup_fail(const char *name, const char *tag)
+static char *lookup_conf(const CONF *conf, const char *section, const char *tag)
 {
-    BIO_printf(bio_err, "variable lookup failed for %s::%s\n", name, tag);
+    char *entry = NCONF_get_string(conf, section, tag);
+    if (entry == NULL)
+        BIO_printf(bio_err, "variable lookup failed for %s::%s\n", section, tag);
+    return entry;
 }
 
-static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+static int certify(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                   BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                   int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate,
-                   long days, int batch, char *ext_sect, CONF *lconf,
+                   BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                   int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                   const char *enddate,
+                   long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect, CONF *lconf,
                    int verbose, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign)
 {
@@ -1375,12 +1314,12 @@ static int certify(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     return (ok);
 }
 
-static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
+static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                         const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                         STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                        BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                        int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                        char *enddate, long days, int batch, char *ext_sect,
+                        BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                        int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                        const char *enddate, long days, int batch, const char *ext_sect,
                         CONF *lconf, int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                         unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy)
 {
@@ -1430,20 +1369,19 @@ static int certify_cert(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
 static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                    const EVP_MD *dgst, STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                    STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db, BIGNUM *serial,
-                   char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
-                   int email_dn, char *startdate, char *enddate, long days,
-                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, char *ext_sect,
+                   const char *subj, unsigned long chtype, int multirdn,
+                   int email_dn, const char *startdate, const char *enddate, long days,
+                   int batch, int verbose, X509_REQ *req, const char *ext_sect,
                    CONF *lconf, unsigned long certopt, unsigned long nameopt,
                    int default_op, int ext_copy, int selfsign)
 {
     X509_NAME *name = NULL, *CAname = NULL, *subject = NULL, *dn_subject =
         NULL;
-    ASN1_UTCTIME *tm, *tmptm;
+    const ASN1_TIME *tm;
     ASN1_STRING *str, *str2;
     ASN1_OBJECT *obj;
     X509 *ret = NULL;
-    X509_NAME_ENTRY *ne;
-    X509_NAME_ENTRY *tne, *push;
+    X509_NAME_ENTRY *ne, *tne;
     EVP_PKEY *pktmp;
     int ok = -1, i, j, last, nid;
     const char *p;
@@ -1453,12 +1391,6 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     OPENSSL_STRING *rrow = NULL;
     char buf[25];
 
-    tmptm = ASN1_UTCTIME_new();
-    if (tmptm == NULL) {
-        BIO_printf(bio_err, "malloc error\n");
-        return (0);
-    }
-
     for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
         row[i] = NULL;
 
@@ -1482,41 +1414,37 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         ne = X509_NAME_get_entry(name, i);
         str = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(ne);
         obj = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(ne);
+        nid = OBJ_obj2nid(obj);
 
         if (msie_hack) {
             /* assume all type should be strings */
-            nid = OBJ_obj2nid(X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(ne));
 
             if (str->type == V_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING)
                 ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING_to_string(str);
 
-            if ((str->type == V_ASN1_IA5STRING) &&
-                (nid != NID_pkcs9_emailAddress))
+            if (str->type == V_ASN1_IA5STRING && nid != NID_pkcs9_emailAddress)
                 str->type = V_ASN1_T61STRING;
 
-            if ((nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress) &&
-                (str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING))
+            if (nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress
+                && str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING)
                 str->type = V_ASN1_IA5STRING;
         }
 
         /* If no EMAIL is wanted in the subject */
-        if ((OBJ_obj2nid(obj) == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress) && (!email_dn))
+        if (nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress && !email_dn)
             continue;
 
         /* check some things */
-        if ((OBJ_obj2nid(obj) == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress) &&
-            (str->type != V_ASN1_IA5STRING)) {
+        if (nid == NID_pkcs9_emailAddress && str->type != V_ASN1_IA5STRING) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "\nemailAddress type needs to be of type IA5STRING\n");
             goto end;
         }
-        if ((str->type != V_ASN1_BMPSTRING)
-            && (str->type != V_ASN1_UTF8STRING)) {
+        if (str->type != V_ASN1_BMPSTRING && str->type != V_ASN1_UTF8STRING) {
             j = ASN1_PRINTABLE_type(str->data, str->length);
-            if (((j == V_ASN1_T61STRING) &&
-                 (str->type != V_ASN1_T61STRING)) ||
-                ((j == V_ASN1_IA5STRING) &&
-                 (str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING))) {
+            if ((j == V_ASN1_T61STRING && str->type != V_ASN1_T61STRING) ||
+                (j == V_ASN1_IA5STRING && str->type == V_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING))
+            {
                 BIO_printf(bio_err,
                            "\nThe string contains characters that are illegal for the ASN.1 type\n");
                 goto end;
@@ -1554,6 +1482,8 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
 
         last = -1;
         for (;;) {
+            X509_NAME_ENTRY *push = NULL;
+
             /* lookup the object in the supplied name list */
             j = X509_NAME_get_index_by_OBJ(name, obj, last);
             if (j < 0) {
@@ -1566,7 +1496,6 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
             last = j;
 
             /* depending on the 'policy', decide what to do. */
-            push = NULL;
             if (strcmp(cv->value, "optional") == 0) {
                 if (tne != NULL)
                     push = tne;
@@ -1594,7 +1523,8 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                 j = X509_NAME_get_index_by_OBJ(CAname, obj, last2);
                 if ((j < 0) && (last2 == -1)) {
                     BIO_printf(bio_err,
-                               "The %s field does not exist in the CA certificate,\nthe 'policy' is misconfigured\n",
+                               "The %s field does not exist in the CA certificate,\n"
+                               "the 'policy' is misconfigured\n",
                                cv->name);
                     goto end;
                 }
@@ -1608,7 +1538,8 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
                 }
                 if (j < 0) {
                     BIO_printf(bio_err,
-                               "The %s field needed to be the same in the\nCA certificate (%s) and the request (%s)\n",
+                               "The %s field is different between\n"
+                               "CA certificate (%s) and the request (%s)\n",
                                cv->name,
                                ((str2 == NULL) ? "NULL" : (char *)str2->data),
                                ((str == NULL) ? "NULL" : (char *)str->data));
@@ -1645,10 +1576,9 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         BIO_printf(bio_err,
                    "The subject name appears to be ok, checking data base for clashes\n");
 
-    /* Build the correct Subject if no e-mail is wanted in the subject */
-    /*
-     * and add it later on because of the method extensions are added
-     * (altName)
+    /* 
+     * Build the correct Subject if no e-mail is wanted in the subject.
+     * And add it later on because of the method extensions are added (altName)
      */
 
     if (email_dn)
@@ -1704,16 +1634,16 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
 
     if (rrow != NULL) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "The matching entry has the following details\n");
-        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'E')
+        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_EXP)
             p = "Expired";
-        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R')
+        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV)
             p = "Revoked";
-        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'V')
+        else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_VAL)
             p = "Valid";
         else
             p = "\ninvalid type, Data base error\n";
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Type          :%s\n", p);;
-        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R') {
+        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV) {
             p = rrow[DB_exp_date];
             if (p == NULL)
                 p = "undef";
@@ -1763,17 +1693,12 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
             goto end;
     }
 
-    if (strcmp(startdate, "today") == 0)
-        X509_gmtime_adj(X509_get_notBefore(ret), 0);
-    else
-        ASN1_TIME_set_string(X509_get_notBefore(ret), startdate);
+    if (!set_cert_times(ret, startdate, enddate, days))
+        goto end;
 
-    if (enddate == NULL)
-        X509_time_adj_ex(X509_get_notAfter(ret), days, 0, NULL);
-    else {
+    if (enddate != NULL) {
         int tdays;
-        ASN1_TIME_set_string(X509_get_notAfter(ret), enddate);
-        ASN1_TIME_diff(&tdays, NULL, NULL, X509_get_notAfter(ret));
+        ASN1_TIME_diff(&tdays, NULL, NULL, X509_get0_notAfter(ret));
         days = tdays;
     }
 
@@ -1859,7 +1784,7 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     }
 
     BIO_printf(bio_err, "Certificate is to be certified until ");
-    ASN1_TIME_print(bio_err, X509_get_notAfter(ret));
+    ASN1_TIME_print(bio_err, X509_get0_notAfter(ret));
     if (days)
         BIO_printf(bio_err, " (%ld days)", days);
     BIO_printf(bio_err, "\n");
@@ -1869,13 +1794,13 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Sign the certificate? [y/n]:");
         (void)BIO_flush(bio_err);
         buf[0] = '\0';
-        if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, stdin)) {
+        if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
                        "CERTIFICATE WILL NOT BE CERTIFIED: I/O error\n");
             ok = 0;
             goto end;
         }
-        if (!((buf[0] == 'y') || (buf[0] == 'Y'))) {
+        if (!(buf[0] == 'y' || buf[0] == 'Y')) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "CERTIFICATE WILL NOT BE CERTIFIED\n");
             ok = 0;
             goto end;
@@ -1890,9 +1815,9 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     if (!do_X509_sign(ret, pkey, dgst, sigopts))
         goto end;
 
-    /* We now just add it to the database */
+    /* We now just add it to the database as DB_TYPE_VAL('V') */
     row[DB_type] = OPENSSL_strdup("V");
-    tm = X509_get_notAfter(ret);
+    tm = X509_get0_notAfter(ret);
     row[DB_exp_date] = app_malloc(tm->length + 1, "row expdate");
     memcpy(row[DB_exp_date], tm->data, tm->length);
     row[DB_exp_date][tm->length] = '\0';
@@ -1907,10 +1832,8 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
     }
 
     irow = app_malloc(sizeof(*irow) * (DB_NUMBER + 1), "row space");
-    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
         irow[i] = row[i];
-        row[i] = NULL;
-    }
     irow[DB_NUMBER] = NULL;
 
     if (!TXT_DB_insert(db->db, irow)) {
@@ -1918,16 +1841,19 @@ static int do_body(X509 **xret, EVP_PKEY *pkey, X509 *x509,
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "TXT_DB error number %ld\n", db->db->error);
         goto end;
     }
+    irow = NULL;
     ok = 1;
  end:
-    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
-        OPENSSL_free(row[i]);
+    if (irow != NULL) {
+        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
+            OPENSSL_free(row[i]);
+        OPENSSL_free(irow);
+    }
 
     X509_NAME_free(CAname);
     X509_NAME_free(subject);
     if (dn_subject != subject)
         X509_NAME_free(dn_subject);
-    ASN1_UTCTIME_free(tmptm);
     if (ok <= 0)
         X509_free(ret);
     else
@@ -1948,13 +1874,13 @@ static void write_new_certificate(BIO *bp, X509 *x, int output_der,
     PEM_write_bio_X509(bp, x);
 }
 
-static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
+static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, const char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
                          X509 *x509, const EVP_MD *dgst,
                          STACK_OF(OPENSSL_STRING) *sigopts,
                          STACK_OF(CONF_VALUE) *policy, CA_DB *db,
-                         BIGNUM *serial, char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
-                         int multirdn, int email_dn, char *startdate,
-                         char *enddate, long days, char *ext_sect,
+                         BIGNUM *serial, const char *subj, unsigned long chtype,
+                         int multirdn, int email_dn, const char *startdate,
+                         const char *enddate, long days, const char *ext_sect,
                          CONF *lconf, int verbose, unsigned long certopt,
                          unsigned long nameopt, int default_op, int ext_copy)
 {
@@ -1986,7 +1912,6 @@ static int certify_spkac(X509 **xret, char *infile, EVP_PKEY *pkey,
     sk = CONF_get_section(parms, "default");
     if (sk_CONF_VALUE_num(sk) == 0) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "no name/value pairs found in %s\n", infile);
-        CONF_free(parms);
         goto end;
     }
 
@@ -2090,9 +2015,10 @@ static int check_time_format(const char *str)
     return ASN1_TIME_set_string(NULL, str);
 }
 
-static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, int type, char *value)
+static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, REVINFO_TYPE rev_type,
+                     const char *value)
 {
-    ASN1_UTCTIME *tm = NULL;
+    const ASN1_TIME *tm = NULL;
     char *row[DB_NUMBER], **rrow, **irow;
     char *rev_str = NULL;
     BIGNUM *bn = NULL;
@@ -2123,63 +2049,70 @@ static int do_revoke(X509 *x509, CA_DB *db, int type, char *value)
                    "Adding Entry with serial number %s to DB for %s\n",
                    row[DB_serial], row[DB_name]);
 
-        /* We now just add it to the database */
+        /* We now just add it to the database as DB_TYPE_REV('V') */
         row[DB_type] = OPENSSL_strdup("V");
-        tm = X509_get_notAfter(x509);
+        tm = X509_get0_notAfter(x509);
         row[DB_exp_date] = app_malloc(tm->length + 1, "row exp_data");
         memcpy(row[DB_exp_date], tm->data, tm->length);
         row[DB_exp_date][tm->length] = '\0';
         row[DB_rev_date] = NULL;
         row[DB_file] = OPENSSL_strdup("unknown");
 
+        if (row[DB_type] == NULL || row[DB_file] == NULL) {
+            BIO_printf(bio_err, "Memory allocation failure\n");
+            goto end;
+        }
+
         irow = app_malloc(sizeof(*irow) * (DB_NUMBER + 1), "row ptr");
-        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++) {
+        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
             irow[i] = row[i];
-            row[i] = NULL;
-        }
         irow[DB_NUMBER] = NULL;
 
         if (!TXT_DB_insert(db->db, irow)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "failed to update database\n");
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "TXT_DB error number %ld\n", db->db->error);
+            OPENSSL_free(irow);
             goto end;
         }
 
+        for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
+            row[i] = NULL;
+
         /* Revoke Certificate */
-        if (type == -1)
+        if (rev_type == REV_VALID)
             ok = 1;
         else
-            ok = do_revoke(x509, db, type, value);
+            /* Retry revocation after DB insertion */
+            ok = do_revoke(x509, db, rev_type, value);
 
         goto end;
 
     } else if (index_name_cmp_noconst(row, rrow)) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR:name does not match %s\n", row[DB_name]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (type == -1) {
+    } else if (rev_type == REV_VALID) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR:Already present, serial number %s\n",
                    row[DB_serial]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ERROR:Already revoked, serial number %s\n",
                    row[DB_serial]);
         goto end;
     } else {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Revoking Certificate %s.\n", rrow[DB_serial]);
-        rev_str = make_revocation_str(type, value);
+        rev_str = make_revocation_str(rev_type, value);
         if (!rev_str) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "Error in revocation arguments\n");
             goto end;
         }
-        rrow[DB_type][0] = 'R';
+        rrow[DB_type][0] = DB_TYPE_REV;
         rrow[DB_type][1] = '\0';
         rrow[DB_rev_date] = rev_str;
     }
     ok = 1;
  end:
-    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
         OPENSSL_free(row[i]);
-    }
     return (ok);
 }
 
@@ -2187,32 +2120,32 @@ static int get_certificate_status(const char *serial, CA_DB *db)
 {
     char *row[DB_NUMBER], **rrow;
     int ok = -1, i;
+    size_t serial_len = strlen(serial);
 
     /* Free Resources */
     for (i = 0; i < DB_NUMBER; i++)
         row[i] = NULL;
 
     /* Malloc needed char spaces */
-    row[DB_serial] = app_malloc(strlen(serial) + 2, "row serial#");
+    row[DB_serial] = app_malloc(serial_len + 2, "row serial#");
 
-    if (strlen(serial) % 2) {
+    if (serial_len % 2) {
         /*
          * Set the first char to 0
          */ ;
         row[DB_serial][0] = '0';
 
         /* Copy String from serial to row[DB_serial] */
-        memcpy(row[DB_serial] + 1, serial, strlen(serial));
-        row[DB_serial][strlen(serial) + 1] = '\0';
+        memcpy(row[DB_serial] + 1, serial, serial_len);
+        row[DB_serial][serial_len + 1] = '\0';
     } else {
         /* Copy String from serial to row[DB_serial] */
-        memcpy(row[DB_serial], serial, strlen(serial));
-        row[DB_serial][strlen(serial)] = '\0';
+        memcpy(row[DB_serial], serial, serial_len);
+        row[DB_serial][serial_len] = '\0';
     }
 
     /* Make it Upper Case */
-    for (i = 0; row[DB_serial][i] != '\0'; i++)
-        row[DB_serial][i] = toupper((unsigned char)row[DB_serial][i]);
+    make_uppercase(row[DB_serial]);
 
     ok = 1;
 
@@ -2222,19 +2155,19 @@ static int get_certificate_status(const char *serial, CA_DB *db)
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "Serial %s not present in db.\n", row[DB_serial]);
         ok = -1;
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'V') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_VAL) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Valid (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'R') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_REV) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Revoked (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'E') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_EXP) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Expired (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
-    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'S') {
+    } else if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_SUSP) {
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Suspended (%c)\n",
                    row[DB_serial], rrow[DB_type][0]);
         goto end;
@@ -2263,7 +2196,7 @@ static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db)
 
     /* get actual time and make a string */
     a_tm = X509_gmtime_adj(a_tm, 0);
-    a_tm_s = (char *)app_malloc(a_tm->length + 1, "time string");
+    a_tm_s = app_malloc(a_tm->length + 1, "time string");
 
     memcpy(a_tm_s, a_tm->data, a_tm->length);
     a_tm_s[a_tm->length] = '\0';
@@ -2276,7 +2209,7 @@ static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db)
     for (i = 0; i < sk_OPENSSL_PSTRING_num(db->db->data); i++) {
         rrow = sk_OPENSSL_PSTRING_value(db->db->data, i);
 
-        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == 'V') {
+        if (rrow[DB_type][0] == DB_TYPE_VAL) {
             /* ignore entries that are not valid */
             if (strncmp(rrow[DB_exp_date], "49", 2) <= 0)
                 db_y2k = 1;
@@ -2286,14 +2219,14 @@ static int do_updatedb(CA_DB *db)
             if (db_y2k == a_y2k) {
                 /* all on the same y2k side */
                 if (strcmp(rrow[DB_exp_date], a_tm_s) <= 0) {
-                    rrow[DB_type][0] = 'E';
+                    rrow[DB_type][0] = DB_TYPE_EXP;
                     rrow[DB_type][1] = '\0';
                     cnt++;
 
                     BIO_printf(bio_err, "%s=Expired\n", rrow[DB_serial]);
                 }
             } else if (db_y2k < a_y2k) {
-                rrow[DB_type][0] = 'E';
+                rrow[DB_type][0] = DB_TYPE_EXP;
                 rrow[DB_type][1] = '\0';
                 cnt++;
 
@@ -2333,15 +2266,17 @@ static const char *crl_reasons[] = {
  * additional argument
  */
 
-char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
+static char *make_revocation_str(REVINFO_TYPE rev_type, const char *rev_arg)
 {
-    char *other = NULL, *str;
-    const char *reason = NULL;
+    char *str;
+    const char *reason = NULL, *other = NULL;
     ASN1_OBJECT *otmp;
     ASN1_UTCTIME *revtm = NULL;
     int i;
+
     switch (rev_type) {
     case REV_NONE:
+    case REV_VALID:
         break;
 
     case REV_CRL_REASON:
@@ -2359,7 +2294,6 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
 
     case REV_HOLD:
         /* Argument is an OID */
-
         otmp = OBJ_txt2obj(rev_arg, 0);
         ASN1_OBJECT_free(otmp);
 
@@ -2374,7 +2308,6 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
 
     case REV_KEY_COMPROMISE:
     case REV_CA_COMPROMISE:
-
         /* Argument is the key compromise time  */
         if (!ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME_set_string(NULL, rev_arg)) {
             BIO_printf(bio_err,
@@ -2389,7 +2322,6 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
             reason = "CAkeyTime";
 
         break;
-
     }
 
     revtm = X509_gmtime_adj(NULL, 0);
@@ -2426,7 +2358,7 @@ char *make_revocation_str(int rev_type, char *rev_arg)
  * 2 OK and some extensions added (i.e. V2 CRL)
  */
 
-int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str)
+static int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str)
 {
     char *tmp = NULL;
     int reason_code = -1;
@@ -2480,10 +2412,12 @@ int make_revoked(X509_REVOKED *rev, const char *str)
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int old_entry_print(ASN1_OBJECT *obj, ASN1_STRING *str)
+static int old_entry_print(const ASN1_OBJECT *obj, const ASN1_STRING *str)
 {
-    char buf[25], *pbuf, *p;
+    char buf[25], *pbuf;
+    const char *p;
     int j;
+
     j = i2a_ASN1_OBJECT(bio_err, obj);
     pbuf = buf;
     for (j = 22 - j; j > 0; j--)
@@ -2503,7 +2437,7 @@ static int old_entry_print(ASN1_OBJECT *obj, ASN1_STRING *str)
     else
         BIO_printf(bio_err, "ASN.1 %2d:'", str->type);
 
-    p = (char *)str->data;
+    p = (const char *)str->data;
     for (j = str->length; j > 0; j--) {
         if ((*p >= ' ') && (*p <= '~'))
             BIO_printf(bio_err, "%c", *p);