[openssl.git] / INSTALL

 INSTALLATION ON THE UNIX PLATFORM
 ---------------------------------

 [Installation on DOS (with djgpp), Windows, MacOS (before MacOS X)
  and NetWare is described in INSTALL.DJGPP, INSTALL.WIN, INSTALL.MacOS
  and INSTALL.NW.
  
  This document describes installation on the main supported operating
  systems, currently the Unix family and OpenVMS.]

 To install OpenSSL, you will need:

  * make
  * Perl 5 with core modules (please read README.PERL)
  * The perl module Text::Template (please read README.PERL)
  * an ANSI C compiler
  * a development environment in form of development libraries and C
    header files
  * a supported operating system

 For more details regarding specific platforms, there are these notes
 available:

  * NOTES.VMS

 Quick Start
 -----------

 If you want to just get on with it, do:

  on Unix:

    $ ./config
    $ make
    $ make test
    $ make install

  on OpenVMS:

    $ @config
    $ mms
    $ mms test
    $ mms install

 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]

 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is:

  Unix:    normal installation directories under /usr/local
  OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version'...], where 'version' is the
           OpenSSL version number ('major'_'minor').

 If you want to install it anywhere else, run config like this:

  On Unix:

    $ ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl

  On OpenVMS:

    $ @config --prefix=PROGRAM:[INSTALLS] --openssldir=SYS$MANAGER:[OPENSSL]


 Configuration Options
 ---------------------

 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
 the build:

  --prefix=DIR  The top of the installation directory tree.  Defaults are:

                Unix:           /usr/local
                OpenVMS:        SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version']

  --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL configuration files, and also the
                default certificate and key store.  Defaults are:

                Unix:           PREFIX/ssl (PREFIX is given by --prefix)
                OpenVMS:        SYS$COMMON:[SSL]

  no-autoalginit Don't automatically load all supported ciphers and digests.
                Typically OpenSSL will make available all of its supported
                ciphers and digests. For a statically linked application this
                may be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
                This only affects libcrypto. Ciphers and digests will have to be
                loaded manually using EVP_add_cipher() and EVP_add_digest() if
                this option is used.

  no-autoerrinit Don't automatically load all libcrypto/libssl error strings.
                Typically OpenSSL will automatically load human readable error
                strings. For a statically linked application this may be
                undesirable if small executable size is an objective.

  no-threads    Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
                applications.

  threads       Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
                This will usually require additional system-dependent options!
                See "Note on multi-threading" below.

  no-zlib       Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and
                decompression.

  zlib          Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.

  zlib-dynamic  Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library dynamically
                when needed.  This is only supported on systems where loading
                of shared libraries is supported.  This is the default choice.

  no-shared     Don't try to create shared libraries.

  shared        In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
                libraries on platforms where it's supported.  See "Note on
                shared libraries" below.

  no-asm        Do not use assembler code.

  386           On Intel hardware, use the 80386 instruction set only
                (the default x86 code is more efficient, but requires at
                least a 486). Note: Use compiler flags for any other CPU
                specific configuration, e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on
                an x64 system.

  no-sse2       Exclude SSE2 code pathes. Normally SSE2 extension is
                detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the
                machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU
                capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS
                kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4
                processor, then your application might be exposed to
                "illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way
                to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be
                compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to
                disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up,
                but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel,
                consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-asm options above imply
                no-sse2.

  no-<cipher>   Build without the specified cipher (bf, cast, des, dh, dsa,
                hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).
                The crypto/<cipher> directory can be removed after running
                "make depend".

  -Dxxx, -lxxx, -Lxxx, -fxxx, -mXXX, -Kxxx These system specific options will
                be passed through to the compiler to allow you to
                define preprocessor symbols, specify additional libraries,
                library directories or other compiler options.


 Installation in Detail
 ----------------------

 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:

       $ ./config [options]                             # Unix

       or

       $ @config [options]                              ! OpenVMS

     For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
     examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.

     This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
     configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
     if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
     are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
     wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.

     On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:

       $ ./config -d [options]

 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually

     OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
     compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run

       $ ./Configure                                    # Unix

       or

       $ perl Configure                                 # All other platforms

     For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
     examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.

     Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
     operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc".  When
     you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
     as the argument to Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
     run:

       $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]

     If your system is not available, you will have to edit the Configure
     program and add the correct configuration for your system. The
     generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
     systems.

     Configure creates the file Makefile.ssl from Makefile.in and
     defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
     crypto/opensslconf.h.in).

 1c. Configure OpenSSL for building outside of the source tree.

     OpenSSL can be configured to build in a build directory separate from
     the directory with the source code.  It's done by placing yourself in
     some other directory and invoking the configuration commands from
     there.

     Unix example:

       $ mkdir /var/tmp/openssl-build
       $ cd /var/tmp/openssl-build
       $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/config [options]

       or

       $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/Configure [target] [options]

     OpenVMS example:

       $ set default sys$login:
       $ create/dir [.tmp.openssl-build]
       $ set default [.tmp.openssl-build]
       $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]config {options}

       or

       $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]Configure {target} {options}

     Paths can be relative just as well as absolute.  Configure will
     do its best to translate them to relative paths whenever possible.

  2. Build OpenSSL by running:

       $ make                                           # Unix
       $ mms                                            ! (or mmk) OpenVMS

     This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a on
     Unix, corresponding on other platforms) and the OpenSSL binary
     ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level directory,
     and the binary will be in the "apps" subdirectory.

     If the build fails, look at the output.  There may be reasons for
     the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
     standard headers).  If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
     report the problem to <rt@openssl.org> (note that your message
     will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable at
     https://www.openssl.org/community/index.html#bugs and will be
     forwarded to a public mailing list). Include the output of "make
     report" in your message.  Please check out the request tracker. Maybe
     the bug was already reported or has already been fixed.

     [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
     configuration option as an immediate fix.]

     Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
     compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.

  3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:

       $ make test                                      # Unix
       $ mms test                                       ! OpenVMS

     If some tests fail, look at the output.  There may be reasons for
     the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a
     malfunction with Perl).  You may want increased verbosity, that
     can be accomplished like this:

       $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make test                  # Unix

       $ DEFINE HARNESS_VERBOSE YES
       $ mms test                                       ! OpenVMS

     If you want to run just one or a few specific tests, you can use
     the make variable TESTS to specify them, like this:

       $ make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test            # Unix
       $ mms/macro="TESTS=test_rsa test_dsa" test       ! OpenVMS

     And of course, you can combine (Unix example shown):
       
       $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test

     You can find the list of available tests like this:

       $ make list-tests                                # Unix
       $ make list-tests                                ! OpenVMS

     Have a look at the manual for the perl module Test::Harness to
     see what other HARNESS_* variables there are.

     If you find a problem with OpenSSL itself, try removing any
     compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line in Makefile and
     run "make clean; make" or corresponding.

     Please send a bug report to <openssl-bugs@openssl.org>, and when
     you do, please run the following and include the output in your
     report:

       $ make report

  4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with

       $ make install                                   # Unix
       $ mms install                                    ! OpenVMS

     This will install all the software components in this directory
     tree under PREFIX (the directory given with --prefix or its
     default):

       Unix:

         bin/           Contains the openssl binary and a few other
                        utility scripts.
         include/openssl
                        Contains the header files needed if you want
                        to build your own programs that use libcrypto
                        or libssl.
         lib            Contains the OpenSSL library files.
         lib/engines    Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
         share/man/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
                        Contains the OpenSSL man-pages.
         share/doc/openssl/html{man1,man3,man5,man7}
                        Contains the HTML rendition of the man-pages.

       OpenVMS ('arch' is replaced with the architecture name, "Alpha"
       or "ia64"):

         [.EXE.'arch']  Contains the openssl binary and a few other
                        utility scripts.
         [.include.openssl]
                        Contains the header files needed if you want
                        to build your own programs that use libcrypto
                        or libssl.
         [.LIB.'arch']  Contains the OpenSSL library files.
         [.ENGINES.'arch']
                        Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
         [.SYS$STARTUP] Contains startup, login and shutdown scripts.
                        These define appropriate logical names and
                        command symbols.
                        

     Additionally, install will add the following directories under
     OPENSSLDIR (the directory given with --openssldir or its default)
     for you convenience:

         certs          Initially empty, this is the default location
                        for certificate files.
         private        Initially empty, this is the default location
                        for private key files.
         misc           Various scripts.

     Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
     locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
     it can easily be packaged, can use

       $ make DESTDIR=/tmp/package-root install         # Unix
       $ mms/macro="DESTDIR=TMP:[PACKAGE-ROOT]" install ! OpenVMS

     The specified destination directory will be prepended to all
     installation target paths.

  Compatibility issues with previous OpenSSL versions:

  *  COMPILING existing applications

     OpenSSL 1.1 hides a number of structures that were previously
     open.  This includes all internal libssl structures and a number
     of EVP types.  Accessor functions have been added to allow
     controlled access to the structures' data.

     This means that some software needs to be rewritten to adapt to
     the new ways of doing things.  This often amounts to allocating
     an instance of a structure explicitly where you could previously
     allocate them on the stack as automatic variables, and using the
     provided accessor functions where you would previously access a
     structure's field directly.

     <TBA>

     Some APIs have changed as well.  However, older APIs have been
     preserved when possible.


 Note on multi-threading
 -----------------------

 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
 applications.  On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
 necessary).

 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.)  The default in this
 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
 from the Configure script.)

 OpenSSL provides built-in support for two threading models: pthreads (found on
 most UNIX/Linux systems), and Windows threads. No other threading models are
 supported. If your platform does not provide pthreads or Windows threads then
 you should Configure with the "no-threads" option.

 Note on shared libraries
 ------------------------

 Shared libraries have certain caveats.  Binary backward compatibility
 can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0.  The only reason to
 use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs
 are using OpenSSL.

 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl.  On these systems,
 the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
 the option "shared" will get them created.  This method supports Makefile
 targets for shared library creation, like linux-shared.  Those targets
 can currently be used on their own just as well, but this is expected
 to change in future versions of OpenSSL.

 Note on random number generation
 --------------------------------

 Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
 secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
 internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse
 to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
 On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary
 to install additional support software to obtain random seed.
 Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(),
 and the FAQ for more information.